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Psychosocial Problems Maria Luz Ricci Arceyuz - Coggle Diagram
Psychosocial Problems
Maria Luz Ricci Arceyuz
AUTISM (ASD)
Is a neurodevelopmental condition that challenges a person in different strengths, such as social skills, behaviors, speech, and non-verbal communication.
Characteristics
Appears by age 2 or 3
It is not a disease
Doesn´t respond when people talk to them.
Combination of genetic and enviromental factors.
Sensory sensitivities and medical issues.
Doesn´t make eye contact or wants to be cuddle or play with others.
Have difficulty starting conversations and making friends.
Predictable routine, repetitive movements, health conditions (anxiety or depression) or lining toys.
Causes and treatment
Causes:
genetic features
environmental factors
early disruption of brain growth
preterm birth
Treatment: A multidisciplinary team comprising ASD specialists, speech therapists, teachers, and psychologists can work
BIPOLAR DISORDER
Is a disorder that changes mood, energy and ability function. It involves mood episodes (manic/hypomanic/depression/neutral). It has 3 types: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder. The people are unaware that they are having an episode.
Characteristics
Depression: Feeling sad or irritable, emptiness, guilt or lack of energy. Difficulty concentrating, loss of interest and increased or decreased appetite or sleep.
Mania: feeling happy, full of energy, self-important or full of ideas; being easily distracted or delusional. Increased faster speech, activity and no need to sleep.
Fatigue or though of suicide, rapid cycling or mixed state, more frequent and severe episodes than others.
Causes and treatment
Causes: Chemical imbalance in the brain, Genetics, Triggers.
Treatement: talk therapy (psychotherapy), medication, mood stabilizers and antidepressants.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Is a chronic mental disorder that changes how a person thinks, feels, acts, expresses, percives reality and relate to others. It involves pychotic disorders. It starts between 16-30.
Characteristics
Positive symptoms: delusions (Persecutory, Referential, Somatic); hallucinations (Auditory, Visual, Olfactory, Tactile); Catatonia.
Trouble concentrating, confused thoughts and disorganized speech and movement disorders.
Negative Symptoms: Lack of pleasure, trouble with speech, flattening, withdrawal and struggling with the basics of daily life.
Cognitive Symptoms: Understanding information, focusing or paying attention, working memory and recognizing that they have any of these problems.
Causes and treatment
Causes: Genetics, Brain chemistry and circuits, Brain abnormality and Environment.
Treatement: Medications, antipsychotics, specialty care, Rehabilitation, Cognitive remediation, Individual psychotherapy, Family therapy, Hospitalization.
ANXIETY (GAD)
Is a condition of feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It is a normal part of our life but anxiety does not go away and can get worse over time.
Characteristics
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: they worry about ordinary issues. Feeling restless, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches and sleep problems.
Panic Disorder: panic attacks of intense fear when there is no danger. Pounding or racing heart, sweating, chest pain and Feelings of impending doom or being out of control.
Phobias: fear of something that is not actual danger. May have an irrational or excessive worry about encountering the feared object or situation, take active steps to avoid the feared object or situation and experience immediate intense anxiety.
Social anxiety: persistent fear of being critiziced by others. Blushing, sweating, or trembling; Pounding or racing heart; Rigid body posture or being around people they don’t know; Feelings of self-consciousness.
Causes and treatment
Treatement: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Medicines like antidepressants.
Causes: genetics, brain biology and chemistry, stress, and your environment may play a role.
Bibliographic references:
https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323758#support
https://psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders
https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms/
https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/mental-health-schizophrenia
https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/schizophrenia-symptoms
https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html#:~:text=Anxiety%20is%20a%20feeling%20of,before%20making%20an%20important%20decision
.
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders