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Muhammad: Arab religious leader who is the founder of Islam ; Considered…
Muhammad: Arab religious leader who is the founder of Islam ; Considered the final prophet in Islam (the archangel Gabriel revealed the words of God to him) and he gave Muslims the Quran, the sacred text of Islam
Islam: One of the Abrahamic Religions and calls their God Allah ; Has millions of followers across the world
Types of Islam
Sufism: A type of Islam that feeds into the rest of the Islamic world that is considered the mystical Islam ; Emphasizes spirituality by trying to attain direct and personal experiences with God through belief and practice
Shi'a: Second largest branch of Islam ; Divisive factor is the belief that Muhammad chose Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor but was prevented by former companions of Muhammad who instead appointed Abu Bakr as the caliph
Abu Bakr: Companion, advisor, and father-in-law to Muhammad who spread and applied Muhammad’s teachings as the first caliph, ruler of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first Muslim empire
Sunni: Comes from the word Sunnah which refers to the traditions of Muhammad ; Largest branch of Islam ; Divisive factor is the belief that Muhammad had no successor but today hold different theological beliefs compared to other branches
Sacred Texts
Quran: “The recitation” ; The main religious text of Islam that was revealed to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel ; Culmination of divine messages and teachings for all Muslims to understand and follow
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Hadith: “Discourse” ; Record of actions and sayings of the prophet Muhammad ; Considered the second most important text in Islam and is used as a source for guidance and religious laws like the Quran
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Core Beliefs
Tawheed: “Asserting oneness” ; Concept that there is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet which asserts monotheism in Islam
Shirk: “Making a partner[in this case, God]” ; Antithesis of Tawheed which is the sin of not worshiping the one God of Islam as their god
Jihad: “Struggle” ; Muslim word for their struggles, both internal(greater) and external(lesser)
Lesser: A Muslim’s struggle to wage battle against those who would harm the faith or territories of Islam ; Considered a “holy war” to benefit Islam but does come with rules for engagement, including that it should be done in self-defense
Greater: A Muslim’s struggle to live according to their faith in Islam, trying to follow the path of God and his words and teachings
Relation to Government
Theocracy: System of government where it is meant to be guided/ruled by the divine and its religious laws more so than by the people ; Prevalent in Islam as the laws of Muslim nations are heavily determined by the Quran
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Gabriel: One of the archangels of God who is sent to communicate with Muhammad to make him a prophet ; Revealed the Quran to Muhammad
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