PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

School factors

As instructional leaders

school administrators

policy

Address school-level obstacles to teachers’

To improve their practices

District Factors

District reforms

Fragmented

Uncoordinated

impedes voluntary participation

In professional
development

Costs

High quality professional development

Is expensive

twice the amount

Proposal

Birman, Desimone, Garet,
Porter, & Yoon, 2001).

A core community
of teacher leaders

Share their learning with others

Strengthening effective teachers

create local communities with
teachers

Purpose

may be able to assume critical leadership roles