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DNA and genetics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Results in formation of 2 identical daughter cells
      - used in asexual reproduction
    - - Results in formation of 4 non identical daughter cells
      - used in sexual reproduction
      - Halves number of chromosomes in gametes - fertilisation restores full number of chromosomes
  - - - Cells in reproductive organs divide by meiosis to form gametes
      - when a cell divides to form four gametes:
        
        Copies of genetic information are made
        
        Cell divides twice to form four gametes - each with a single set of chromosomes
        
        All gametes are genetically different from one another
      - Gametes join at fertilisation, restoring full number of chromosomes - new cell divides by mitosis. Number of cells increase - forming an embryo which as it develops, cit's cells differentiate
- - - - Always expressed regardless of other allele
      - Represented by a capital letter
      - Only needs one copy present to be expressed
    - - Only expressed if other allele is also recessive
      - represented by a lowercase letter - needs two copies to be present to be expressed
  - - - A phenotype is an observed characteristic
      - Phenotypes is determined by the interaction between genotype and environment
    - - Genotype refers to the combination of alleles an organism has
      - if 2 alleles are different someone is heterozygous
      - If they are the same someone is homozygous