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CHAPTER 6: Method of Data Collection - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 6: Method of Data Collection
6.0 Introduction
Task of data collection begins
Data collection methods
Data collected haphazardly
Research: Primary & secondary – based on source of data collection
Method of collecting data
Secondary data
- a compilation from available published source(s) not specifically collected for the current research problems
Primary data
- to be originally collected from actual sources as the info/data needed for the current study not found in secondary sources
6.1 Data Collection Method
Qualitative data
description of meanings rather than statistical inferences
explores attitudes, behaviour and experiences through methods such as interviews or focus groups.
Attempts to get in-depth opinion from participants
Methods: participants’ observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion
Quantitative data
generates statistics (rather than meaning)
involves large-scale survey research using methods such as questionnaires or structured interviews
reaches more people, however shorter contact with them
6.1.1 Observation
Advantages
(i) eliminates subjective bias as actual behaviour is recorded thus getting accurate information
(ii) record what is currently happening without interference from past behaviour or future intentions
(iii) doesn’t require respondent to forcefully participate
Types
Structure observation
Unstructured observation
6.1.2 Survey Method
(i) Personal interview (face to face)
(ii) Mail survey
(iii) Telephonic survey
(iv) Internet (on-line) survey
6.1.3 Qualitative techniques
In-depth interview
Focus group discussion
Projective techniques
6.2 Collection of Secondary Data
Characteristic
reliability of data
suitability of data
adequacy of data
6.3 Selection of Appropriate Methods of Data Collection
factors
(i) Nature, scope and object of enquiry (most important)
(ii) Availability of funds
(iii) Time factor
(iv) Precision required
6.5 Ethical Consideration
Concern on whether procedures of collecting information are likely to cause any physical or emotional harm to the participants.
violating participants’ right to privacy by posing sensitive questions or by gaining access to personal data
observing the behaviour of participants without their being aware
allowing personal information to be made public which participants would want to be kept private
failing to observe/respect certain cultural values, traditions or taboos valued by the participants.
Recommended methods for dealing with these issues
Obtain respondent’s consent before the study begins
Don’t explore sensitive issues before a good relationship has been established with the participant
Ensure confidentiality of the data obtained
Learn enough about the culture of participants to ensure it is respected during the data collection process