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Richard and the Third Crusade - Coggle Diagram
Richard and the Third Crusade
Richard's motives for involvement
He was religious and strongly believed it was his Christian duty
He was a great soldier with military experience and believed this to be a chance for honour and glory
Due to wealth and size of empire he had the necessary resources
Rivalry with Phillip
Even before the crusade, a great rivalry was developing between Richard and Phillip
Phillip had attempted to take Angevin lands and stir up trouble between Richard, his brothers and his father
Richard's quarrel with Phillip II
(1)
Frederick of the holy Roman Empire drowned on his way to the Holy Land and many of his men went home
Lost many men for the crusade and increased rivalry between Richard and Phillip as both wanted to lead
(2)
Richard got a great reception when arriving in Messina, whereas Phillip got a quiet ceremony
After fighting occurred, Richard conquered Messina and gave Phillip some of the money
(3)
Richard invaded and conquered Cyprus but refused to give Phillip a share of the value
(4)
In cyprus, Richard married someone other than Phillips sister, going back on their agreement
(5)
They disagreed over who should be king of Jerusalem and how much their soldiers to be paid
(6)
Despite winning at Acre, Phillip returned home due to annoyance with Richard and death of count of Flanders
Victories at Acre and Arsuf
Acre was the main port in the Kingdom of Jerusalem - therefore a supply route to Jerusalem
Phillip's forces reached the town and joined the siege - Richard sailed towards Acre and his forces managed to sink many enemy ships
SEIGE OF ACRE
Walls were breached by catapults and Philips miners who had tunnelled under them. Saladins forces then surrendered Acre
Richard agreed to release Muslim soldiers in exchange for 200,000 gold coins, released Christian prisoners. But saladin did none of this
Richard thought Saladin to be playing for time so Richard's men took 2700 Muslim prisoners to a spot within sight of Saladin's camp and executed them all.
Crusaders marched towards Jaffa on way to Jerusalem - forces marched close to the sea so that one flank was protected by the fleet - shows Richard military expertise
Fleet supplied troops with water food and rest place as Saladin's forces poisoned wells and destroyed crops
BATTLE OF ARSUF
Saladin's forces of 30,000 attacked the crusaders on the plains of Arsuf and heavily outmatched the Crusaders
It looked as if Saladin's forces were going to win but at a crucial point in the battle, Richard courageously led his knights on a counter attack charge at Saladin's men - after an intense struggle; Saladin's army fled.
Failure to recapture Jerusalem
First march
Progress was slow due to terrible weather - Mud and rain destroyed food, clothes and weapons
Progress was impossible so Richard led crusaders to Ascalon instead
Second march
Weather had improved and crusaders marched to Beit Nuba in a matter of days instead of months
It was hot and Saladin had poisoned the wells outside of Jerusalem so Richard retreated again
Reasons for not attacking Jerusalem
Leaving coast left supply lines vulnerable
Leaving coast meant they could be surrounded by Muslim forces
Lack of troops
Lack of resources
Saving jaffa
Saladin's troops were trying to capture Jaffa and just as the leaders of Jaffa were going to surrender - Richard led a surprise attack on them to save the city
treaty of Jaffa
Muslims retained Jerusalem
Christians retained coastline between Acre and Jaffa
Christian pilgrims could visit sacred sites in Jerusalem with safety