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MANAGING HAZARDS - Coggle Diagram
MANAGING HAZARDS
VOLCANOES (AC) - ITALY
TECTONIC SETTING
- Complicates as it is where several fracture zone in the Mediterranean meet.
- Lies on the southern end of the Eurasian place and meets the Adriatic, African and Ionian sea plates.
- Italy is seismically active today, especially Mount Etna.
MODIFYING THE EVENT
- Some local scale success, with slowing down lava from Etna by digging channels and diverting the lava from populated areas.
MODIFYING VULNERABILITY
- Long term analysis of eruptions patterns of individual volcanoes.
- Airports closed due to ash threatening air space.
- Constant monitoring.
- International comparison with similar eruption to help predict outcomes.
MODIFYING LOSS
- Well trained public services.
- Timely evacuations and rehearsal evacuations.
- BUT livestock is still destroyed which is an economic loss.
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EARTHQUAKES (AC) - JAPAN
TECTONIC SETTING
- Main island lies at intersection of 3 plates - Eurasian, Philippine and North American.
- The converging Eurasian and Philippine plates is the main cause of earthquakes due to the stress that is built up.
MODIFYING LOSS
- Is an AC and therefore they have a vast amount of resources available to manage the loss.
- Rehearsed recovery and reconstruction plans in place at local and national scale.
- Their main aim is to rebuild economically and socially as quick as possible.
MODIFYING VULNERABILITY
- Research and monitoring - information about potential earthquakes and hazards, so that a plan can be devised and put in place.
- Building with aseismic design, ie. cross-bracing.
- Fire proofing older / vulnerable buildings.
- Land-use zoning - open space for people to go to after an earthquake event.
AO1
MODIFYING LOSS
This refers to changing the response when disaster occurs.THROUGH ...
- emergency aid
- search & rescue strategies
- resources for rebuilding
MODIFYING PEOPLE VULNERABILITY
This refers to changing how susceptible individuals are to the damage from natural hazards.THROUGH ...
- Education - recognise the sign, following evacuation routes.
- Community Preparedness - using technology to monitor hazards.
- Hazard Resistant Buildings - consideration of building site, cross bracing in place to help when earthquake occur, sloped roofs to stop ash building up.
- Hazard Mapping - for example, lahar routes / identifying groups that are likely to liquify.
- Land-Use Zoning - avoid building in locations predicted by hazard mapping.
MODIFYING THE EVENT
This is NOT POSSIBLE for the VAST majority of volcanic eruptions, BUT the following are successful:
- lava diversion channels
- spraying lava to cool it down
- concrete blocks to slow down the lava
NOTHING can be done to modify an earthquake event.