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SIZE & SHAPE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES / ERUPTIONS - Coggle…
SIZE & SHAPE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES / ERUPTIONS
EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS
HAWAIIAN ERUPTIONS
Involve more noticeable central activity that the Icelandic types.
Runny basaltic lava travels down the sides as lava flows.
Gases escape easily.
Oceanic pyroclastic activity also occurs.
ICELANDIC LAVA ERUPTIONS
Characterised by persistent fissure eruptions.
Large quantities of basaltic lava build up vast horizontal plains.
EXAMPLE:
Deccan Plateau
Columbian Plateau
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS
VULCANIAN ERUPTIONS
Violent gas explosions blast out plugs of sticky or cooled lava.
Fragments build up into cones of ash and pumice.
Occurs when viscous lava quickly solidifies after an eruption.
Eruption clears blocked vents and releases large amounts of volcanic ash.
VESUVIAN ERUPTIONS
Characterised by a very powerful blast of gas pushing ash clouds high into the sky.
More violent that vulcanian eruptions.
Lava flows also occur.
Ash falls to cover surrounding areas.
PLINIAN ERUPTIONS
Gas rushed up through sticky lava and blasts ash and fragments into the sky in huge explosions.
The violent eruptions create immense clouds of gas and volcanic debris, several kilometres thick.
Gas clouds and lava can also rush done the slopes.
Part of the volcano may be blasted away during the eruption.
STROMBOLIAN ERUPTIONS
Characterised by frequent gas explosions which blast fragments of runny lava into the air to form cones.
They are very explosive eruptions with large quantities of pyroclastic rock thrown out.
Eruptions are commonly marked by a white cloud of steam emitted from the crater.
SUPER VOLCANOES
Volcanoes that erupt more that 1000km2 of material in a single event.
EXAMPLE:
Yellowstone - Wyoming, has a caldera of 75 km in diametre.
ERUPTIONS NOT AT PLATE BOUNDARIES
These eruptions are associated with HOTSPOTS.
They are plumes of magma that rise from the mantle and erupt at the surface.
Associated with intense volcanic activity and eruptions of basaltic lava.
EXAMPLE:
Hawaiian Chain of Islands
East African Rift Valley
