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Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System
6 functions of the skeletal system
Movement with the muscular system
Storage of calcium and phosphorus
Protection of organs
Production of WBCs, RBCs and platelets
Supporting framework for the body
Storage of fat in the form of yellow bone marrow in the medullary cavity
Movements
Circumduction
Plantar flexion and Dorsiflexion
Rotation
Supination and Pronation
Abduction and Adduction
Flexion and Extension
4 classifications of bone by shape
Flat bone
Sternum
Irregular bone
Vertebra
Short bone
Trapezoid bone of the wrist
Long bone
Humerus or femur
Sesamoid bone
Patella
Types of bone cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
4 stages of healing a bone fracture
Fibrocartilaginous callus
Bony callus
Blood clot
Osteoclasts assist remodelling
Joints
Cartilaginous joints
Epiphyseal plate or pubic symphysis
Synovial joints
Pivot
Radioulnar joint
Condyloid
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Ball-and-Socket
Hip or shoulder joint
Hinge
Elbow joint
Saddle
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Plane
Intercarpal joints
Fibrous joints
Sulture between skull bones
Parts of the bone
Epiphysis
Spongy bone (with red bone marrow)
Trabeculae
Epiphyseal (growth) plate
Articular cartilage
Diaphysis
Periosteum (outer layer)
Endosteum (inner layer)
Compact bone
Osteon
Lamellae
Lacunae
Medullary cavity
Chemical composition of bone
Organic
Inorganic
More prominent in older people - causes osteoporosis
Hormonal control of bone remodelling
Parathyroid hormone increases low blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to reabsorb bone and release more calcium into the blood
Calcitonin lowers high blood calcium levels
Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Bone growth in length
4 zones of cartilage at epiphyseal plate
Zone of proliferating cartilage
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
Zone of resting cartilage
Zone of calcified cartilage
Bone growth occurs towards the diaphysis by chondrocytes being replaced by bone
Bone growth in width (appositional growth)
Osteoclasts deposits bone on the periosteum due to stress
Osteoclasts remove some of the endosteum and enlarge the medullary cavity to avoid the bone getting too heavy
Intramembranous Ossification