Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD)
Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
Mild diarrhoea to fulminant life-threatening PMC
Antibiotics clindamycin, ampicillin, and cephalosporins kill NF
AAD: intestinal villous tips damaged which disrupts brush border membrane, leading to cell erosion and fluid leakage
PMC: disrupt barrier function by destroying cell junctions -> increased vascular permeability, neutrophil accumulation, and inflammatory response
TREATMENT: fluid replacement, Discontinue antibiotics, Metronidazole or vancomycin, Faecal transplant