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CLEAR GPB small non-spore forming - Coggle Diagram
CLEAR GPB
small non-spore forming
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
erysipelas
in animals and
erysipeloid
in humans (animal handlers-zoonosis)
Cutaneous skin infection
: may be localised and cause a progressive, erythematous swelling(violet colour), burning pain and/or itching
in pigs it produces so-called "diamond skin disease"and septicaemia/endocarditis/abortion and stillbirths
Short slender GPB, +- slightly curved
facultative AnO2
catalase NEG, non-haemolytic, non-motile
shellfish,fish,birds,mammals (especially swine)
Rhodococcus equi
soil of farming and livestock, pneumonia in foals
occupational infection-zoonosis
infection acquired through inhalation
HIV: Pulmonary infections resembling TB
Gram pleiomorphic: may be coccoid under some conditions, rods grow best in liquid media
Salmon pink mucoid colonies 48-72 hr incubation
catalase POS
, non-motile
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Acute pharyngitis in young (<25yrs) vs
Strep
Skin and soft-tissue infections in IM
small/short GPB (vs Diptheroids)
B-haemolytic
catalase NEG
Listeria
short/cB
B-haemolytic
facultative AnO2
catalase POS
MOTILE @ 25C
not 37C
MALDI
Self-limiting gastroenteritis and fever
Severe illness: sepsis & meningitis (elderly, babies, IM)
Pregnant women: Mild flu-like illness + Can cause stillbirth or spontaneous abortion and preterm birth
VIRULENCE FACTORS
Adhesin
Internalin A & B
: invasion of intestinal cells, Can cross placenta and blood-brain barrier (meningitis)
intracellular survival:
Listeriolysin O
: pore-forming toxin, escape into cytoplasm
catalase
and
superoxide dismutase
to counteract lysosomal enzymes
Actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA)
: actin “tail” pushes bacteria through the host cell -> invade adjacent cells -> May invade bloodstream and travel to CNS
Ubiquitous in environment
Intracellular
Grows at 4⁰C
FOODBORNE: ingestion of contaminated uncooked and refrigerated food:
unpasteurised dairy, raw veg, raw/smoked fish, cold cut meats
DIAGNOSIS
CSF, blood
food: cold enrichment @ 4C, selective media with aesculin (PALCAM, Oxford)
incidence varies = food outbreaks
Corynebacterium
small, Irregular or club-shaped
Palisading/chinese letter arrangement
aerobic/facultative
Catalase POS
, non-motile, Loeffler's medium
Soil/water/skin
C. urealyticum
2-3 days incubation
urease POS
MALDI
UTI (cystitis and pyelonephritis)
in elderly, hospitalised patients exposed to antibiotics and with underlying genitourinary disorders
Alkaline urine with phosphate (struvite) crystals
“Diphtheroids”
Normal flora in throat, nasopharynx, skin, urogenital tract and conjunctiva
contaminant, not clinically significant
C. jeikeium
skin colonizer, up to 50% of hospitalised patients
Opportunistic infections: bacteraemia, skin infections, endocarditis, meningitis, wound and bone infections associated with catheters (biofilm)
FACTORS:
Marked neutropenia, Heart valve replacement (biofilm),
Exposure to multiple antibiotics (intrinsic resistance),
Breach of skin (long-term catheterisation)
treatment = vancomycin
C. diphtheriae
Cutaneous diphtheria
non-toxigenic
cut in skin leading to a chronic, nonhealing ulcer with a grey membrane
TREATMENT: antitoxin (neutralise circulating toxin)
antibiotics erythromycin or Penicillin G
DIPHTHERIA
toxigenic
Acute URT infection children
Local infection of throat and pseudo-membrane formation
Grey mass of dead cells and bacteria -> Choking/bleeding
complications: Myocarditis and inflammation of nerves
transmission: respiratory droplets
VACCINE
DTP, diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and Bordetella pertussis
babies & young children
lab workers
very low incidence but carriers in population
phage AB exotoxin ADP-ribosylates EF-2
-> inhibition protein synthesis
specimens:
Diphtheria: throat swab or pieces of pseudo-membrane, Cutaneous: skin swab
Gram stain: small club-shaped rods, palisade arrangement
Small to moderate, white or translucent non-haemolytic colonies on BA
Tellurite agar (Hoyle’s) : black colonies
MALDI for bacteria, PCR for toxin
Lactobacillus
spp.
NF: vagina, GiT
Longslender GPB
aerotolerant AnO2/microaerophillic
catalase neg, lactic acid
absence in STI (gono/BV)