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Yahweh: name for the one and only God for all followers of Judaism -…
Yahweh: name for the one and only God for all followers of Judaism
Garden of Eden: Garden created by God considered a beautiful and plentiful paradise
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil: One of the 2 trees in the Garden of Eden ; Had fruit that were forbidden to be eaten as eating them would reveal the truth about good and evil in the world
Serpent: Equated with Satan ; Corrupts Eve into eating from the tree which leads to Adam eating from the tree too
Expulsion: God expelled Adam and Eve from the garden as they had disobeyed God
Adam and Eve: The first man and woman of our world who were created by God to care for the Garden of Eden
Noah: Descended from Adam ; Tasked by God with building an Ark to save only some while the rest would be taken by a great flood to rid the world of human sin
Abram(ham) : Considered the father of Abrahamic religions, including Judaism ; Made a covenant with God in exchange for blessings upon him and his family
Hagar: Egyptian slave and handmaiden to Sarah ; offered to Abraham by Sarah in order for him to have a child but treated harshly by Sarah after having the child
Ishmael: Son of Abraham and Hagar ; Name given by an angel and promised to be the seed of a great nation like Isaac
Sarah: Wife and half-sister of Abraham ; Promised by God that she would have a child but that child did not come until late
Isaac: Son of Abraham and Sarah ; Demanded to be sacrificed by God to test the faith of Abraham ; Promised to be the seed of a great nation as Abraham's son
Important Concepts / Connections with God
Job: Figure from the Book of Job which demonstrates devotion to God no matter how one's faith may be tested through their life
Covenant: Agreement made between every Jewish person and God where the Jewish people must follow the path of God in order to receive God's blessings
613 Commandments: The rules and laws of God that Jewish people must follow if they are to follow God's path through life
10 Commandments: These are the famous commandments given to Moses by God which are the first 10 of the 613 commandments
Messiah: Savior of the Jewish people sent by God who will rule as a future Jewish king ; Will unite all under God
Prophets: Chosen by God to give messages and teachings of God to the people of Judaism
Early Prophetic Tradition: The wave of prophecy that makes up most of the Torah where prophets would come in times of crisis to relay and act on the messages of God ; Emphasized personal righteousness and the development of the relationship with God
Apocalyptic Prophetic Tradition: The wave of prophecy that comes after the Babylon exile that dealt with the end of times after being revealed by an angel ; Emphasized an outline for the path of the world and people, including the afterlife
Temple Destruction: First Temple built by Solomon as the Jewish capital and sacred ground was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon ; Was a huge turning point in Jewish history as it would come to solidify Jewish belief that there is only one God and that is there God
Judaism: Following the temple destruction, Judaism as we know it today took a great hold of the Jewish people
Ancient Sects of Judaism during New Testament period and before
Pharisees: What most Jewish people today practice ; Believed in the oral law by God given at Mt. Sinai and the words of the Torah; Worshipped in synagogues
Sadducees: Consisted of the priests whose beliefs centered around the Temple rather than oral law ; Maintained the Temple and made sacrifices to God
Essenes: Secluded community that left Jerusalem; Were devoted to strict Jewish rituals and prayers in preparation for the arrival of the Messiah
Zealots: Those who wanted to overthrow Roman rule and any Jewish people loyal to the Romans ; Willing to kill for political and religious freedom
Maimonides 13 Principles: A famed Jewish philosopher's 13 principles of faith that one must have if they are truly to be a true follower of Judaism
Includes such principles as; "The belief in God's eternity" and "The belief in the divine origin of the Torah"
Modern Branches of Judaism
Conservative: Maintains a somewhat middle path between the other two branches ; Jewish law and traditions are still required but the strict adherence to them are much more lax
Reform: Believes in maintaining tradition over the rules of Judaism ; Adapts tradition to the modern world and allows more personal choices in life
Orthodox: Strong belief in adhering to Jewish tradition and laws which are very strict
