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"Don't Sweat the Small Stuff :When Not to Panic During…
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- Pre-anesthetic ECG if there is PE revealing an abnormal heart rate, pulse deficit, regular rhythm
- Place ECG lead & observe the rate & rhythm during induction & maintenance
- Become comfortable with what normal looks like
Tachycardia
Causes
- Light anesthetic plane
- Pain
- Anticholinergic drugs
- Dissociative anesthetic drug
- Hypotension
- Hypoventilation
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Bradycardia
Causes
- Drugs: opioids, alpha 2 agonists
- Deep anesthetic plane
- Hypothermia
- Drugs: opioids, alpha 2 agonists
AV block
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Causes
- Increased vagal tone
- Drugs: opioids, alpha 2 agonists
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- Figure out what helps you stay calm
- Review all the drugs and calculation before administration
- Providing balance anesthesia
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- Taking into consideration on the available resources
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- Checking on the anesthetic machine prior to use
Oxygen flow meter
Flush valve
Leakage
- Have a good understanding about the pharmacology, physiology & pathophysiology
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Influenced by
- Is the pulse rate accurate?
- Proper intubation?
- Adequate oxygen source & supply?
Causes
- Review drug administered
- Assess anesthetic depth
- Check patient positioning
- Body temperature
- Obtain a complete history including any previous sedation or anesthetic events, adverse drug response
- Review patient's current medication including supplements to prevent undesirable drug interactions
- Physical examination findings
- Anesthesia plan should be tailored to that individual patient
- Familiarize with anesthetic drugs to prevent medication error and medical math error
- Familiarize with anesthetic equipments
- Able to recognize & manage any adverse drug events or anesthesia related complications
Occurs in delayed SA node depolarization whereas AV node & purkinje fibers take over the heart rhythm
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- Timing of premedication
- Intra-operative administration
Provide manual breaths to increase anesthetic uptake from the alveoli to get a more appropriate anesthetic depth
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