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Oral manifestations of chronic diseases - Coggle Diagram
Oral manifestations of chronic diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Xerostomia
Salivary dysfunction, which can lead to decreased salivary flow and change in saliva composition
Dental caries
Reduced cleansing and buffering capacity of the saliva, increase of carbohydrate in the saliva, and increased level of oral yeasts
Periodontal disease
Poor glycemic control can be associated with the outbreak and progression of gingivitis, periodontitis, and alveolar bone loss
Oral infections
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to the development of various oral infections including fungal and bacterial infections
Burning mouth
Burning sensation or dysesthesia in the oral cavity of diabetic patients is attributed to poor glycemic control, metabolic alterations in oral mucosa, angiopathy, candida infection, and neuropathy
Taste dysfunction
Taste dysfunction can occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes
Oral mucosa alterations
Some oral mucosa alterations such as coated and fissured tongue, geographic tongue, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and some premalignant lesions
Poor oral wound healing
Delayed healing of soft and hard tissues in diabetic patients is a well-known complication during oral surgeries
Cardiovascular diseases
Excessive bleeding
After surgical procedures or trauma has been reported in patients with severe hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Is the thickening of the intimal layer of the arterial wall caused by the accumulation of lipid plaques
Irrigation
Any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood
COPD
Nicotine stomatitis
Reaction seen on the roof of the mouth caused by extreme heat in the mouth
Periodontal disease
Inflammation of gum and bone surrounding the teeth
Extrinsic tooth stains
Superficial type of discoloration that affects the outermost layer of a tooth, or the enamel
Oral cancer
Tumor developing in a part of the mouth
HIV/AIDS
Candidiasis
Most common oral opportunistic infection in people with HIV/AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
Common mucocutaneous neoplasms that typically manifests as bluish-purples macules and papules
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Rare complication of advanced HIV/AIDS, typically manifests as masses or ulcerative lesions of oral soft tissue and jaw
Hairy leukoplakia
Condition triggered by Ebstein-Barr virus that causes white patches in the tongue
Syphilis oral warts
Primary stage syphilis on the surface of the tongue
Oral cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Slightly raised lesiojnwith rolled waxy border and central ulceration on sun-exposed surface
Squamous cell
Nonhealing white, red-white carcinoma lesion; ulcer; or fungating mass of the lateral tongue, floor of the mouth, lip
Kapossi sarcoma
Purple plaques or nodules of the palate, gingival, or face
Melanoma
Brown or black enlarging plaque on skin or palate (satellite lessions)
Mucoepidermoid
Dome-shaped swelling with carcinoma central ulceration of palate, retromolar region, or lytic oseous lession
Leukemia
Gingival enlargement, and bleeding, skin pallor, small hemorrhages of the skin and mucous membranes, and bruising
Lymphoma
Enlarged, nonpainful lymph nodes, palatal or pharyngeal swellings, retromolar ulcerations