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COMPARISON WAYS OF EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR USING DIFFERENT THEMES - Coggle…
COMPARISON WAYS OF EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR USING DIFFERENT THEMES
AO1 INFORMATION
Different themes are used in psychology to explain behaviour.
There are main perspectives such as behaviourism and Freud's psychodynamic approach which can be seen as themes.
There are themes within such perspectives / approaches too, such as group decision-making in social psychology and culture and gender in psychological research, relating to explaining behaviour.
COMPARING THE CLINICAL & CRIMINAL APPROACH
SIMILARITIES
Both make use of biological approaches to explain behaviour:
Clinical - schizophrenia cause be excess dopamine.
Criminal - aggression can be inherited.
Both make use of social approaches to explain behaviour:
Clinical - family therapy has benefitted those recovering from schizophrenia.
Clinical - social learning theory, copying others crimes.
DIFFERENCES
Clinical psychology is the application of psychological principles, research and techniques to the treatment, diagnosis or assessment of human functioning and behaviour.
Criminal psychology is an opportunity for psychologists to assist the legal system.
In clinical setting the psychologist is often in a helping role.
Forensic scientists (people who aid criminal investigations by collecting and analysing evidence) are more distant as they often carry out research rather than directly helping individuals.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YEAR 1 THEMES
SOCIAL & COGNITIVE
Cognitive is more scientific as it often uses lab experiments so high internal validity.
Social more likely to have high ecological validity, lowering internal due to extraneous variable, eg. Sherif.
SOCIAL & BIOLOGICAL
Social is in support of nurture.
Biological in support of nature.
Social - prejudice caused by competition.
Biological - aggression can be caused by testosterone levels.
SOCIAL & LEARNING THEORIES
Sample size.
Case studies are more often used in LT as need to see if individuals can be conditioned.
Social often used larger numbers, eg. Milgram 40 men.
COGNITIVE & BIOLOGICAL
Biological = nature as it believes we are a product of our genes, brain structure, neurotransmitter and hormone levels.
Cognitive = nurture as it suggest that schemas are learnt and therefore a product of our upbringing.
COGNITIVE & LEARNING THEORIES
Nature / nurture debate.
Cognitive internal cause of behaviour.
Learning theories external cause of behaviour, eg. the environment showing an aggressive role model.
BIOLOGICAL AND LEARNING THEORIES
Biological is more scientific - it uses brain scans.
Learning theories uses observations techniques which can be subjective, eg. Bandura.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN YEAR 1 THEMES
COGNITIVE & BIOLOGICAL
Both scientific.
Cognitive uses lab experiments with artificial tasks for high internal validity.
Biological uses brain scans for high internal validity.
SOCIAL & LEARNING THEORIES
Observational techniques.
Social observes prejudice eg. Sherif.
Leaning theories observed in phobias eg. Watson and Rayner.
Both believe behaviour is learnt from the environment.
COGNITIVE & LEARNING THEORIES
Experimental techniques used in both as often involve artificial tasks.
Cognitive eg. Schmolck.
Learning theories - Bandura, watching a stranger hitting a bobo doll.
SOCIAL & COGNITIVE
Observational techniques.
Social observe in prejudice, eg. Sherif.
Cognitive observe in brain damages patients, eg. HM.
SOCIAL & BIOLOGICAL
Behaviours in both can be caused by the environment.
Social - obedience influenced by authoritative figures.
Biological - environment eg. car crash, can cause brain damage affecting PFC causing aggression.
BIOLOGICAL & LEARNING THEORIES
Both explain phobias.
Biological as memories thought to be pass down in genes.
Learning theories through classical conditioning.