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Parent-Adolescent communication and youth attitudes towards sex and…
Parent-Adolescent communication and youth attitudes towards sex and romantic relationships.
Sex
Openness
Hurst et al., 2022 Parent–Child Communication and Adolescent Sexual Decision Making: An Application of Family Communication Patterns Theory
"This theory states that families take on different
communication styles,
varying in openness to communicate and
expectations of conformity
(Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2006). These
general family communication patterns may be associated with
adolescent’s sexual decision making"
Deptula et al. (2010): How Can Parents Make a Difference?
Longitudinal Associations With Adolescent Sexual Behavior
With respect to emotional
tone, Dutra et al. (1999) found that
open and receptive
communication
about sex was associated with lower levels
of sexual risk.
"talking
openly and skillfully with parents about sexual risk
, including
topics such as STIs, condom use, and reproduction, is
related to having these same conversations with their sexual
partner (Whitaker, Miller, May, & Levin, 1999)."
Fitzharris et al. (2004):Multiple Perspectives of Parent-Adolescent
Sexuality Communication: Phenomenological
Description of a Rashoman Effect∗
"Yowell’s (1997) findings suggest that there are
conflicted mothers who desire open communication but fear the ramifications i
t will have on
an adolescent’s sexual behaviors"
"Thus, the important things for parents and sex educators to be aware of when discussing issues of sexuality,
is not to lecture, to remain open, honest, forthright
, and most of all to listen to the adolescent"
Kerpelman et al. (2013): Engagement in Risky
Sexual Behavior:
Adolescents’ Perceptions
of Self and the Parent–
Child Relationship Matter
Supportive parents who have warm and open relationships
with their adolescents can communicate their values about relationships and sexuality, which in turn is related to the adolescent being less likely to take sexual risks (Aspy et al, 2007).
Frequency
Glamor Ramos & Bouris () Working with parents to promote healthy adolescent sexual development.
"Studies show that adolescents whose parents
repeat specific sexuality messages report (a)more perceived openness in parental communication about sex
(b)feeling closer to their parents (c) greater to talk with their parent about sexuality-related and general topics.
Reasons why parents find difficult to have the conversation
parents as protective factor
Martino (2008): Beyond the big talk: the roles of breadth and repetition in parent-adolescent communication about sexual topics.
"repetition of sexual communication is a more robust predictor of adolescent's perceptions of the closeness of their relationship with their parents and communication with their parents than is breadth of communication."
repetition of communication is unlikely to happen when their is an
absence of confortable, open, and engage communication.
Grossman et al, (2018) Youth Perspectives on Sexuality Communication
With Parents and Extended Family
"The frequency, content, and influence of
family sexuality communication on teens may
vary according to racial or ethnic background,
gender, religiosity, and the generation of family
members."
Parkes etal. 2011
Frequency of communication was negatively associated
with delayed intercourse (beta, –0.5), and greater ease of
parental communication about sex was positively associated
with delayed intercourse (0.1).
Romantic Relationships
Frequency
Hurst et al.
Holaman and Kellas (2018): Say something instead of nothing”: Adolescents’ perceptions of memorable conversations about sex-related topics with their parents
Finding that discussing safety is perceived by
adolescents as significantly more helpful than underdeveloped or no communication and
that safety talks are linked to lower levels of risk should empower parents to talk early,
often, and openly about safety in comprehensive ways.
Other adolescents
wanted their parents to be more specific, including talking to them about romantic
relationships, different kinds of contraception, and talking about parents’ own experiences
growing up.
Openness
Young & Paul () Family communication patterns, parental modeling, and confirmation in romantic relationships.
"When families, particularly parents, promote meaningful family interactions where activities, thoughts, and feeling are shared among family members, young adults are more likely to communicate acceptance of their romantic partner and to challenge their partner to grow as an individual. "
parent-child interactions provide a "blue print"
Hurst et al.
"when families had
an open, inclusive, and supportive family communication environment,
adolescents had more general communicative self-efficacy
(Koesten et al., 2002).:
Adolescents who have more conversations at home may develop
a higher level of comfort in talking to sexual partners about engaging
in safer sexual activities (Parker & Ivanov, 2012).
Current parent-adores communication as Prediction of romantic partner communication
"more
frequent parent–child sexual c
ommunication has
been linked to adolescents’ greater efficacy to communicate with
partners about safe sex"
Collins et al 2009: Adolescent Romantic
Relationships
"In contrast, unskilled parenting
and
aversive family communications are associated
with later aggression toward romantic
partners
, and the degree of negative emotionality
in parent-adolescent dyads is correlated with
negative emotionality and poor quality interactions
with romantic partners in early adulthood
(Conger et al. 2000, K. Kim et al. 2001)."
Attachment Theory
Hadiwijaya et al. 2020: Family Context as a foundation for romantic relationships
"Family lays a foundation for later social relationships"
6 C's
Martino, Eliott, 2008
Conger et al. 2000,
Dutra et al. (1999)