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Academic Writing in English - Coggle Diagram
Academic Writing in English
Intro
Discourse used in academic and research settings
Factors influencing academic writing
the social and cultural background
the epistemological and literacy tradition
genre and disciplinary conventions
Written genres
research articles, diploma theses, textbooks
English as an academic lingua franca
there are no native speakers of academic English
BUT non-Anglophone writersʼ academic discourse typically shows features of the Anglophone literacy and that of their native language
Anglophone/English academic discourse
Positivism
there exists an outside world that is objective and neutral
Empiricism
we can access that world through our senses
Linguistic realism
language serves merely to label this pre-existing external reality
The scientific paradigm
Academic research is purely empirical and objective and therefore best presented as if human agency was not part of the process
Rhetorical tradition
Rhetorical moves in genre structure
Cohesion & coherence
semantic relations and thematic progression
Writer identity and stance
authorial presence, hedges and boosters
Intertextuality
citation and referencing
Cross-cultural differences in academic writing
English academic writing
interactive, dialogic
negotiation of meaning
reader-oriented
marked authorial presence
strict discourse norms
explicit discourse organisation
Czech academic writing
low-interactive, monologic
conceptual clarity
writer-oriented
backgrounded authorial presence
absence of strict discourse norms
low on explicit discourse organisation
Considerations in academic writing
Audience
who am I writing for?
Purpose
to instruct, display knowledge, expertise, intelligence
Organisation
structure appropriate for the text type/genre
Style
appropriate level of formality, impersonality, objectivity, commitment to claims
Flow
connection between ideas and arguments, cohesion and coherence
Presentation
editing, good format, proofreading for spelling, grammar & punctuation
The Diploma thesis as a genre
Context and audience
Interaction between a student (apprentice of the disciplinary discourse community) and advisor
Evaluated by a second reader
Defense
Communicative purpose
Disseminate and display knowledge, show expertise and intelligence
Pass an exam
Diploma thesis – rhetorical structure
Introduction (Create a Research Space model) (general → particular)
Move 1
General introduction of the topic – establishing a territory
Move 2
Research problem – establishing a niche (indicating a gap, continuing a tradition, adding to what is known, providing justifications)
Move 3
Occupying the niche (outlining purposes and thesis structure)
Literature review/survey (citations requited)
General review of relevants literature on the topic
Review of specific studies indicating relevance/gap in knowledge
Conceptual framework and Methodology
Describing data collection – who, when, how and why
Research design – instruments and methods for data analysis
Results
Reporting results – described under themes/research questions
Discussion and conclusion
Re-statement of research problem and results
Discussion of results in relation to previous research
Limitations of the study and implications for future research