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crime prevention control and punishment - Coggle Diagram
crime prevention control and punishment
situational crime prevention
Ron Clarke
this approach does not address the root causes of crime, Clarke argues this is unrealistic
based on reducing opportunities fro crime to take place, increases costs, reduces rewards
target hardening
increased surveillance or security guards increase the likelihood of shoplifters being caught.
DISPLACEMENT
critics argue it does not remove crime but moves it elsewhere.
EVALUATION
focuses on street crime, ignores white collar, assumes criminals makes rational decisions about crime by weighing up costs and rewards
environmental
broken windows theory
social and community crime prevention
emphasis on the potential offender- long term approach aims to tackle toot cause of offending, eg poverty, poor housing
DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH
michel Foucault
pre 19th century, punishment was in the form of sovereign power, spectacles such as public executions
disciplinary power becomes dominant from the 19th century and seeks to govern not just the body but also the bind or soul through surveillance- more effective way of controlling
criticised for exaggerating the extent of control, argues that some inmates of prisons ae able to resist controls
CCTV cameras, form of panopticism, however few criminals are put off by CCTV
FEELEY AND SIMON- actuarial justice and risk management, this form of surveillance focuses on the groups who are identifies as potential offenders, profiled using risk factors, however this leads to police targeting this groups, meaning they are morelileu to be caught and convicted, self fulfilling prophecy
punishment
crime reduction- through deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation
retribution- making criminal pay society bak for their crime
functionalist perspective on puniishment
punishing people reinforces social solidarity, also reaffirms value consensus, remind people how to behave
marxist perspective on punishment
repressive state apparatus- defends ruling class and property
imprisonment today
prison population very high, consists of young poorly educated males and blacks are overrrepresented