Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
issues and debates - Coggle Diagram
issues and debates
-
DETERMINISM
determinism is the view that individuals behaviour is controlled by either external or internal forces - whereas free will is the other end of the spectrum where each individual has the opportunity to determine their fate. HARD =
Biological determinism = research into the human genome is producing increasing evidence into the genetic influence on our behaviour - e.g. research into intelligence shows that people with high intelligence have the IGF2R gene
Environmental determinism = behaviourists believe that all behaviour is caused by experience through the process of conditioning, e.g. phobias
Psychic determinism = Frued psychoanalystic approach to behaviour suggests that adult behaviour is determined by a mix of innate drives and early experiences i.e. internal and external forces- behaviour is driven by the libido which focuses on erogenous zones thus the method of maintaining satisfaction characterised on that stage will determine their personality
Evaluation
- a problem with both biological and environmental determinism is that neither can be a sole determining factor in behaviour, identical twin studies found about 80% similarity on intelligence therefore genes do not only determine our behaviour but also environment doesnt
- Dennet = it is now accepted that there is no such thing as deteminsim, chaos theory proposes that there are very small changes called the butterfly affect , e.g. casual relationships are probalistic rather than deterministic ie they increase the probability - determinism over simplifies human behaviour
- there has been arguments from criminals that their behaviour was determined by genes and therefore they should not be punished, therefore the determisnitic approach can be undesirable as it can allow for individuals behaviour to be excused
-
FREE WILL
Humanistic free will = Maslow and rogers - self determination was a key part of our behaviour and without it healthy self development and self actualisation was not possible - as long as an individuals behaviour was controlled by external forces they were not able to determine or change it, e.g. someone who lied says they did but thats not them
Moral responsibility = the basis that an individual is responsible for their own actions and behaviours the assumption is that normal adult behaviour is self determined therefore humans are accountable and responsible for their actions no matter the external or internal forces.
evaluation =
- being able to decide between different courses of action gives the illusion of free will, skinner suggests that individuals may make a decision such as which car to buy, and its culturally relative to individualistic societies only,