CHAPTER 30 REFERENCING SYSTEM
Difference between Refences and a Bibliography
Citing Secondary Sources
Types of Referencing
What to put on Reference
APA 7th Edition most notable changes
Abbreviations
Reference citations in Text
General Guidelines for Organizing APA-style References
Why do we need to do Reference?
References
Bibliography
Items that have read and specially referred/cited in assignment
List of sources at the end of the assignment
A list of everything that have read in preparation for writing an assignment/research project
Contain sources that have cited in the research work/assignment and also one found influential, but decided not to cite
Choose reliable sources that give credence, authority and support to the ideas and argument that one presents
Most information that has been written, recorded, filmed or presented in some way or other can potentially be used
To give weight or credibility to an argument presented in the assignment/academic work
When giving emphasis to a particular idea that has found a measure of agreement and support amongst commentators
When describing or discussing a Theory, Model or Practice Associated with a particular writer
To inform the reader of sources of direct quotations or definition in the academic reference
To inform the reader of sources of ideas, tables, photos, statistics or diagram presented in the work
When paraphrasing another person's idea or definition that one feels is particularly significant or likely to be a subject of debate
To avoid plagiarism
Principles of Referencing
The principle of economy
The principle of standardization
The principle of access
The principle of transparency
The principles of intellectual property
Vancouver-numeric style
Author/Page (MLA) style
Running-note style
APA
Harvard referencing
2nd ed. second edition
Ed. (Eds) Editor (Editors)
Rev. ed. revised edition
Trans. Translated by
ed. edition
n.d. no date
chap. Chapter
p. (pp.) page (pages)
No. Number
Suppl. Supplement
Pt. Part
Tech. Rep. Technical Report
Give the secondary source in the reference list at the end of the paper
Author and Date as Part of the Narrative
Direct quotations
Direct quotation with Parenthetical Citation
Author as Part of the Narrative
Direct quotation with Name of Author in the Text
Parenthetical Citation
With two or more authors, use all author's names rather than "et al" unless there are seven or more authors
The publication date should appear in parentheses directly after the last author's name; put a period after the final parenthesis
Use one space after periods, colons, semi-colons, and commas
Put the title after the year of publication. Book titles and subtitles should be italicized. Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns in a title or subtitle
Alphabetize the list of sources by the author's last name
Clear guidelines are provided for including contributors other than authors and editors
Online source types such as podcast episodes, social media posts, and YouTube videos. The use of emojis and hashtags is also explained
For eBooks, the format, platform, or device is no longer included in the reference, and the publisher is included
The singular "they" or "their" is endorsed as a gender-neutral pronoun
URLs are no longer preceded by "Retrieved from," unless a retrieval date is needed. The website name is included
Instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people, descriptive phrases are preferred
DOIs are formatted the same as URLs
Instead of broad categories, should use exact age ranges that are more relevant and specific
Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, and Georgia 11
The running head on the title page no longer includes the words "Running head:"
Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference entry
The running head is omitted in student papers
The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. Only include the first author's name and "et al."
Heading levels 3-5 are updated to improve readability
Use only one space after a period at the end of a sentence
The publisher location is no longer included in the reference
Use double quotation marks instead of italics to refer to linguistic examples