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psychology exam - Coggle Diagram
psychology exam
the brain
forebrain
function:thinking, learning, memory, perception, emotion and personality
location: above the midbrain, across the top of the brain
structures:
hypothalamus:
- maintains body internal environment
- regulates the release of hormone from glands and regulates the pituitary gland
- regulates behaviours of basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst and sleep.
thalamus:
- filters information from sense receptor sites (except the nose)
- considered to the "relay station" of the brain
cerebrum:
- consists of an outer surface called the cerebral cortex and masses of neural tissue
- everything we consciously think, feel and do
divided into left and right hemisphere
cerebral cortex:
- 2mm thick
- divided into 2 hemispheres (left and right cerebral hemispheres)
- left and right cerebral hemispheres communicate via corpus callosum, a large bundle of nerve fibres (split brain)
midbrain
function: movement, processing of visual, auditory, tactile sensory information, sleep and arousal (alertness)
location: central part of the brain, 2.5 cm long
structures:
reticular formation: is a network of neutrons that runs through the centre of the midbrain, hindbrain and brain stem towards the forebrain.
- function >> screens incoming information, maintains consciousness, regulates arousal.
A part of the reticular formation is reticular activating system (RAS)
- regulates arousal (awake, drowsy or asleep)
- general anesthetics work by reducing the activity of the RAS.
- damage can result in disruption to the sleep-wake cycle, coma or chronic vegetive state.
hindbrain
function: motor function, vital and automatic responses such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and arousal (alertness)
location: base of the brain, around the brain stem.
structures:
pons:
- involved in sleep, dreaming and arousal from sleep
- 2.5 cm long
medulla:
- controls vital automatic bodily functions
cerebellum:
- located at the base of the brain
- coordinates fine muscle movements
- posture and balance
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the neuron
motor/efferent
Motor neurons of the spinal cord are part of the central nervous system (CNS) and connect to muscles, glands and organs throughout the body
interneurons
connecting neurone, only located in the CNS, involved in simple reflexes and complex functions
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