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Cell transport - Coggle Diagram
Cell transport
Facilitated diffusion
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Carrier proteins - protein opens, molecule goes in, protein changes shape, molecule is released
Channel proteins - Charged particles diffuse through them, down their concentration gradient
Rate of diffusion
SD -the higher the concentration gradient means the higher the rate of diffusion -the difference in the concentration between the two sides decreases until it reaches equilibrium
SD - The thinner the exchange surface, the faster the rate of diffusion
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FD - the concentration of channel and carrier proteins, the more their is, the higher the rate of diffusion
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Cell membrane structure
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Phospholipid molecules - hydrophilic head (attracting water) and hydrophobic tail (repelling water), the bilayer doesn't allow water soluble molecules through as it has a hydrophobic centre
Cholesterol is a type of lipid which provides the membrane with stability, the molecules fit between the phospholipids, bind to the hydrophobic tails which restricts their movement and makes the pack together tighter
Increasing temp -
if below 0, the phospholipids wont' have much energy so they won't move, however the channel and carrier proteins will deform which will increase the permeability.
if between 0 - 45, the phospholipids become loose and can move around more which increases the permeability
if over 45, bilayer starts to melt, water expands putting more pressure on the bilayer and the channel and carrier proteins deform which all increases permeability
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Rate of osmosis
higher the WP, the faster the rate of diffusion
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the larger the surface area, the faster the rate of osmosis
Rate of Active Transport
speed of channel proteins, the faster the rate
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amount of ATP available, the faster the rate
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Co-transport
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sodium ions move into the cell down their concentration gradient, moving glucose into the cell against the concentration gradient
Scale factor
divide the concentration of the solution you have by the concentration of the solution you want to make