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System Development Life Cycle - Coggle Diagram
System Development Life Cycle
activities are
logical and generally accepted by experts in the systems community, and are generally
treated as “best practices” for systems development.
systems planning
is to link individual system projects or applications to
the strategic objectives of the firm.
the basis for the systems plan is the organization’s
business plan, which specifies where the firm plans to go and how it will get there
establish a systems steering committee
to provide guidance and review the status of system projects.
and senior management from computer services.
the chief information officer, senior management from user areas, the internal auditor,
steering committee may include the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer,
Systems analysis
process involving first a survey of the current system and then an analysis of the user’s needs.
is actually a two step
business problem must be fully understood by the systems analyst before
he or she can formulate a solution.
incomplete or defective analysis will lead to an
incomplete or defective solution
deliverable from this phase is a formal systems analysis report
which presents the findings of the analysis and recommendations for the new system
Survey Step
determining what elements, if any, of the current system should be preserved as part of
the new system.
Facts pertaining to preliminary
questions about the system are gathered and analyzed.
As the analyst obtains a
greater depth of understanding of the problem, he or she develops more specific questions
for which more facts must be gathered.
Conceptual Systems Design
to produce several alternative conceptual
systems that satisfy the system requirements identified during systems analysis
preconceived constraints on the new system.
users with a number of plausible alternatives, the systems professional avoids imposing
By presenting
The user will evaluate these
conceptual models and settle on the alternatives that appear most plausible and appealing.
blh jdi company wat system, tpi user xnk guna, merugikan la, mcm kerajaan wat business tnpa involve user, jdi hbis la aduit bila x gunakan
System Evaluation and Selection
procedure for selecting the one system from the set of
alternative conceptual designs
that will go to the detailed design phase
is an optimization process that seeks to identify the
best system.
Selection = feedback from user
Detailed Design
is to produce a detailed description of the pro- posed system that both satisfies the system requirements identified during systems analysis and is in accordance with the conceptual design
all system components (user views, database tables, processes, and controls) are meticulously specified.
Application Programming and Testing
is to select a programming language from among the various languages available and suitable to the application.
Systems Maintenance
formal process by which application programs undergo changes to accommodate changes in user needs
SDLC Risks
Lack of management support
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/integrating-risk-management-in-sdlc-set-1/
Controlling New Systems Development
Systems Authorization Activities
properly authorized to ensure their economic justification and feasibility.
The best use retained earning
Kna tgk jugk sbb nk guna utk working capital
Normally use 5%-10% of retained earnings
User Specification Activities
What initiate the system development
Diorg create issue sbb tu kna wat system baru
Cth: number of student bertmbh, but system still lama, jdi lag
Users must be actively involved in the systems development process. Their involvement should not be stifled because the proposed system is technically complex. Regardless of the technology involved, the user can and should provide a detailed written description of the logical needs that must be satisfied by the system.
Technical Design Activities
The technical design activities translate the user specifications into a set of detailed tech- nical specifications of a system that meets the user’s needs
needs. The scope of these activities includes systems analysis, general systems design, feasibility analysis, and detailed sys- tems design.
Internal Audit Participation
important role in the control of systems development ac- tivities, particularly in organizations whose users lack technical expertise.
serve as a liaison between users and the systems professionals to ensure an effective transfer of knowledge