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Ch. 13 section 1: A new kind of war - Coggle Diagram
Ch. 13 section 1: A new kind of war
Sides’ comparison
North (the Union)
population: about 20 million people
had more factories and workers, more ships and locomotives, etc.
had 22 000 miles of railroad tracks
lots of labor-saving devices (ex. reapers to free men for the army)
used black people as their armed forces in Dec. 1862
they were strengthened by adding more military
Lincoln called militia for 90 day service
South (Confederacy)
too much supplies of limited products (ex. tobacco, cotton, rice)
population: about 9 million, 3.6 million were slaves
depended for labor to slaves
slave might turn out to be “fifth column”, which is the enemy force behind the line at any moment.
did not used the blacks in its armed forces since they are not considered the black people as human being.
Southerners’ beliefs
They believed North is so divided to each other which cannot make a strong fight
Result: North’s substantial advantages led to victory; South was unable to replace the loss of equipment and led to economic crisis
They were conceited about themselves as the producer of cotton
They believed Great Britain and France will break Northern blockade, and come to South for cotton
They believed only Southerners are civilized
“Short war”
North had to force Southern states that declared secession to stay in the Union
North had to invade, occupy, and subjugate South
Northerners expected this war to be over in short period so they called “the six month’s war”
the war lasted for 4 bloody years
New weapons
Rifle
First used by the American backwoodsmen
Later became the standard American army weapon in civil war
Inside of the barrel was cut with spiral spinning
Gave longer range (50 yards to 500 yards)
Had more accurate aim than the old weapons
Loaded more quickly
Caplock
It is the new chemical enclosed in cap to make the expansion that sent the bullet
Reliable when old flintlock is not working because of wet weather
The soldiers and army
War tactics
Attackers had to spread out into small parties
Indian tactics
Started trench warfare
Soldiers learned to make fort by spade
Spade became important as gun
Hide in a hole in the ground
Both North and South had lost a soldier most in their family
Northern reporters camouflage as Southern women and Conferate soldiers
Matthew Brady and his photographer crew took photos and sent to show everyone the battle action
Soldiers ran away from camera because they thought it is new kind of gun
Railroads
Army had to carry supplies of ammunition, food, and bandages
It is slow and hard to build but quick and easy to cut
If they cut the rails, the enemy will have to stop fighting
First battle of Bull Run (July 1861)
Old-fashioned warfare
War of exhaustion
Ocean and Gulf Mexico surrounded Southern States
South had many highways to the world
North had to capture or blockade Southern ports abd coast
Union ships disturb South to export cotton
The war took away everything South needed
The Womens
Dorothea Dix
June 10 1861, she was appointed first Superintendent of Women Nurses
Her job is to selecting and assigning women to the hospitals
Loisa May Alcott
Author of “Little Women”
Worked in hospital for Dix until her illness got more serious
Clara Barton
First clerks in Washington
Left her job to help injured troops
Cared for sick and wounded from the war
Searched for missing Union soldiers for 4 yrs
Founded and became president of American Red Cross in 1877
Women helped set up the Voluntary United States Sanitary Commission
Assisted military by creating hospitals, caring for injured, etc.
A lot of women were in the Treasury Department
Others worked at government by printing plants or made catridges in the arsenal and navy yard
Women were paid less for work than men
The border states
Washington was surrounded on three sides by Maryland, a slave state
If Maryland secede, Washington will be lost
First Union troops, 6th Massachusetts militia regiment, protected the capital and were mobbed
4 soldiers were killed
Lincoln imposed martial law in Maryland
Suppressed newspaper
Arrested civilians
Suspending writ of habeas corpus
Giving judge the power to free a person who is being held illegally
Chief Justice Taney issued for secessionist Merryman
Taney claimed president have no right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, but only Congress can
Lincoln answered that he must act to save the Union and ignore Taney’s decision
June 1861, Maryland was enlisted in US army
If Missouri and Kentucky secede, Confederate border will be pushed to Ohio River, and the Southern Illinois might be lost
Lincoln moved Missouri swiftly to seized control
moved Kentucky slowly in order to allow Union sentiment to develop
The Emancipation
To keep in the Union the border slave states, Lincoln refused to free the slaves
Aug 30 1861, General Fremont freed the slaves of rebels in Missouri