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Central Gov - Coggle Diagram

- - - - only called parliament 7 times in 24 years
      - parliament almost always granted the King the requested tax to put down rebellions or fight wars
      - he secured parliament approval by pursuing a cautious foreign policy and going to war rarely
      - BUT, in 1504 Henry was forced to accept a smaller sum than he asked for, but was not refused taxation altogether
      - Henry VII weaponised parliament after Bosworth to pass Act of Attainders against his enemies, confiscating land
  - - - Called parliament only 4 times between 1509 and 1523, purely to grant taxation
      - Parliament granted over £250,000 for wars with France
      - Parliament displayed no intention of getting involved with marital or religious affairs before 1529
      - BUT, the Amicable Grant was refused, met with silence, showed Parliament was necessary for taxation
      - The relationship with parliament was fragile due to his ambitious foreign policies with wars with Scotland and France
  - - - Before 1529, parliament was just a cash cow
      - Thomas Cromwell convinced henry that he should use Parliament to pass religious laws using a Reformation Parliament
      - This accidently ensured that they became self-aware of their own power
      - The idea of a King-in-Parliament was created which stated that legislation passed by both Parliament and the Monarch was the most powerful and legitimate legislation. Now, the King’s Proclamations held little meaning
      - Therefore, parliament was now needed for important changes
      - For example, parliament passed the Act of Supremacy 1534, and the Act for the Dissolution of the Monasteries 1536
  - - - Henry and chief minister Wolsey want to raise money for war with France, but parliament refused to grant this tax and the session ended with Wolsey being met with silence
      - Henry and Wolsey tried to raise money without parliament, called the amicable grant, 10% of people’s wealth
      - Met with protest and refusal to pay
      - Wolsey was humiliated and peace with France was the only option, war ended because of parliament!
  - - - Parliament power became significant here, and 40 years later parliament fought a civil war, abolished the monarchy and beheaded Charles I
      - Elizabeth managed to pass some religious laws like the Act of Uniformity despite some opposition
      - now, parliament started to make its own independent religious laws, like increasing the fine for not attending church services
- - - - Used the chamber to collect and store royal income, yet this was still closely monitored by Henry
      - Henry greatly distrusted the Chamber after William Stanley had been Head and was disloyal in the Warbeck Rebellion. Thus, access was restricted.
      - Also acted as a personal bodyguard
  - - - Privy chamber members were the most trusted friends of Henry VIII, acting as advisors, huge patronage giving
      - It became a ‘political hub’ (Starkey) as members began to take more formal roles in the government
      - Henry VIII gave control of the dry stamp to the Gentlemen of the Chamber, showing huge trust
      - Yet, the Seymours got control of the stamp and made alterations to the King’s Will to increase their own power and influence in government. Shows a lack of respect for the King.
- - - - Large and informal body, over 200 attended, diluted power
      - Very limited decision making role, as henry called just 5 ‘Great Councils’ to discuss war and taxation, but major decisions had already been made by him and these were just used to gather support
  - - - Henry removed archbishop warham who he’d disagreed with, demonstrating how easy it was to undermine the council
      - Individuals like chief minister Thomas Wolsey gained personal power at the detriment of the councils, showing corruption
      - Membership reduced dramatically in the later years of Henry, and only the most trusted advisors remained.