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Factors Affecting the Spread of Ebola in Western Africa - Coggle Diagram
Factors Affecting the Spread of Ebola in Western Africa
Societal Factors
Poor healthcare in Western Africa
Result of civil war and political unrest
Poor healthcare infrastructure
Low Education levels
Lack of qualified individuals for treatment of disease
Unable to properly care and treat patients
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Poor road systems and telecommunications
delays treatment and transportation of patients
delays transportation of samples to labs
Low levels of reports for Ebola
Contributes to low survival rate for the disease
71.8% for patients under 34
46.7% for people over 35
Shortages of healthcare workers
2 doctors per 100,000 individuals
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High population mobility across borders
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Increased likelihood of transmission and spread of disease between countries
In Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia
population mobility is 7 times higher than rest of world
Cross border contract tracing is difficult
Reignition of transmission chains.
Host Factors
Poor physical health status
Due to
Lack of healthcare workers
Poor healthcare facilities
Lack of pharmaceuticals
Weakens immune system of individuals
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Cultural Beliefs
Ancestral funeral and burial methods
High risk of contracting disease from deceased host
Increase incidence and prevalence of disease
60% of Mobility linked to these practices in Guinea
80% of morbidity linked to these practices in Sierra Leone
Rinse in water from washing of corpses
Cause a contact with bodily fluids of diseased host
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Cultural trait: compassion
Virus spreads through contact with bodily fluids
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Increase in contraction due to compassionate care
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Increase in contraction due to undergoing ceremonial care for the bodies of the infected
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Reliance on traditional medicine
Contributed to by
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More affordable and accessible than hospitals
Surges in cases traced to contact with traditional healer or herbalist
High fatality rate
Perceive hospitals as a place for contagion and death
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Pathogen Factors
Able to rapidly Adapt
Harder to find and create vaccine
Potentially make the disease more contagious
Water- borne?
Air borne?
2-21 day incubation period
Causes symptoms thereafter
May cause a spread when asymptomatic
Less care taken with hygiene
Environment and Geographical Factors
Natural reservoirs
Corpses of the deceased
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Increased contact increases likelihood of infection
Fruit bat
Contact with fruit that has bodily fluids of infected fruit bats
Natural remedies that rely on plants and foods
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Vectors
Fruit Bats
create fomites from direct contact with surfaces
indirect transmission
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Primates
Other diseases prevalent in Western Africa
Lassa fever
Similar symptoms
Individuals may be less likely to seek treatment
Use natural remeidies that works for similar symptoms
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Misdiagnosed
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Cholera
Malaria