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the soul, for plato: the soul is seperate from the body, but animates and…
the soul
the nature and existence of the soul
plato
dualism of immaterial substance: soul and physical body
while the physical body is part of the world of the senses, the mind is related to the higher reality of the Forms
only composite things can be destroyed or naturally disintegrate. while bodies are composite, souls are non-material and simple (without parts)- and therefore cannot be destroyed
once created, a soul is permanent and cannot die
the flux and change of the empirical world of sense experience vs the perfection of the world of Forms (the world of perfect Ideas)
in the empirical world, all things decay, but for empirical objects, there exist metaphysical counterparts that do not decay or change
all things in the world are particular instances of universal Forms
despite the existence of different dog breeds, we can recognise that great danes, labradors, etc. are particular instances of the Form, dog
the Forms are eternal, perfect, timeless and metaphysical
the ultimate Form is the Form of the Good, because it defines all other Forms
the psyche (soul) is composed of three parts
the logical/thinking/reasoning part which seeks to learn the truth
thumos- the spirited part of the psyche
e.g. courage, righteous indignation, righteous anger, etc.
the appetitive part
the appetites for sex, food and drink
aristotle
all living things have souls, and a creature's psyche is its
for plato: the soul is seperate from the body, but animates and directs it