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12-4 : The election of 1860 - Coggle Diagram
12-4 : The election of 1860
Democrats divide
The Democratic Party's National Convention was held in South Carolina
North versus South
Delegates from the S demand that the party announce its support for slavery.
The demand of the S delegates was rejected by N (+Douglas).
The Democratic Party was fracturing.
As a result of N's rejection of S's proposal, 8 S states have withdrawn from the convention.
Steven A. Douglas was nominated for president by the Democratic Party (N).
John C. Breckinridge :
Support slavery
He asserted that states have the right to leave the Union.
The S Democrats who walked out of the convention chose John C. Breckinridge as their candidate.
Constitutional-Unionists and Republicans
the Constitutional-Unionists party
Former Whigs / the Know-Nothing Party / conservatives make up the coalition
conservative : people who feared the breakup of the Union
disregard the entire problem of enslavement
'The Constitution of the United States, the Union of States, and the Enforcement of the Laws' is the platform.
Edward Everett and John Bell were nominated.
the old Republican party :
the primary opponent of the democrats
Founded to oppose the spread of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln was nominated by them
didn't make any outlandish claims
soul of easygoing common sense
"Honest Abe"
His families were from England.
not a member of an aristocratic family
He was a builder of flatboats, surveyors, village postmasters, lawyers, juries, and militia captains.
He pursued Chief Black Hawk while captain of the militia.
He delivered excellent speeches with simple bible terms
He was not an abolitionist, but he was interested in preventing slavery from moving westward.
He didn't despise the South.
His ancestor & wife are both from South
Lincoln is elected
no longer any national parties.
vote quantity of each candidate
Lincoln : 18 free states
Breckinridge : 11 slave states
Douglas : Missouri and minority of New Jersey
John Bell : 3 border slave states
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana seceded from the Union when Lincoln was elected president.
The Confederate States of America was formed when these S states banded together (new nation)
Attempts to prevent war
Buchanan
believed secession was illegal
but the government had no legal authority to force a state to stay in the Union.
unamendale amendments
Congress tries to reach a compromise between the sections.
proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden.
contents
California should be added to the Missouri Compromise boundary.
As a result of this deal, the federal government is unable to interfere with slavery in the states.
Slavery cannot spread below 36'30 feet, according to Lincoln's and the Republican Party's commands.
This arrangement, Lincoln believed, would lead to additional slave states, but defeated by votes from republican
Lincoln said that N must remain steadfast because if S discovers their weakness, they will make greater demands.
Lincoln faces a crisis
The Confederate States of America saw the United States as a foreign country.
The C.S.A. does not accept US arsenals or forts on their property.
The United States gave up the most of them to avoid war, but they still maintain a powerful position
Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter
Lincoln's decision
Without food, Fort Sumter would soon surrender.
If there is no food support, the Union will fall apart, and there will be no civil war.
With food assistance, there is a risk of a conflict / there is a chance to keep the Union.
Lincoln made the decision to keep Fort Sumter.
process
Lincoln alerted South Carolina about food support for Fort Sumter.
South Carolina attacks Fort Sumter and quickly takes control of the fort.
There had been no injuries.
Significant: the start of the American Civil War