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HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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Maslow believed that the more basic the need, the more powerfully it is experienced and the more difficult it is to ignore.
The most basic, physiological needs are represented at the bottom of the pyramid and the most advanced needs at the top.
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- Self-Actualisation - morality, creativity, lack of prejudice, problem solving etc.
- Esteem - self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect etc.
- Love/Belonging - friendship, family, sexual intimacy.
- Safety - security of body, of employment, of resources, of the family, of health etc.
- Physiological - breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
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FOCUS ON THE SELF
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Rogers believed that our feelings of self-worth are important in determining our psychological health.
Rogers claimed that our two basic needs, positive regard from other people and a feeling of self-worth, develop from childhood interactions with parents.
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KEY TERMS
FREE WILL - people have the ability to act at their own discretion, i.e. to choose how to behave without being influenced by external forces.
HUMANISTIC - the belief that human beings are born with the desire to grow, create and to love, and have the power to direct their own lives.
SELF-ACTUALISATION - Rogers used it as the drive to realise one's true potential. Maslow used it to describe the final stage of his hierarchy of needs.
CONDITIONS OF WORTH
Rogers (1959) believed that other people often hinder the process of self-actualisation, because their love and acceptance may be conditional.
An individual may experience a sense of self-acceptance only if they meet the expectations that others have set as conditions of acceptance.
The conditions that they perceive significant others (e.g. parents or a spouse) put upon them that need to be in place if they are to be accepted by others and see themselves positively.
CONGRUENCE
They use defence mechanisms to feel less threatened by inconsistencies between how they would like to be and how they really are.
Most people experience some incongruence and use defence mechanisms to feel less threatened, as it's rare for a complete state of congruence to exist.
The more similar our self-concept and ideal self, the greater our feelings of self-worth, the greater our psychological health and a greater state of congruence exists.