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Religion - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Yahweh
      - the God of Abraham
      - Isaac
      - Jacob
      - the national god of the Israelites
    - - The Hebrew language
      - Aramaic
      - Judaeo-Arabic
      - Djudezmo
      - Yiddish
    - - The origins of Judaism date back more than 3500 years. This religion is rooted in the ancient near eastern region of Canaan (which today constitutes Israel and the Palestinian territories). Judaism emerged from the beliefs and practices of the people known as “Israel”.
      - another definitioin
        
        Judaism is the world's oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, culture and tradition.
    - - Chanukah (Hanukkah) — Festival of Lights. Celebration lasts for 8 days of prayer, gift giving, and lighting of the Menorah.
      - Erev Pesach — Fast of the Firstborn. Observed only by a fast of the firstborn males, it marks the beginning of Passover.
      - Erev Rosh Hashanah — Nine Nights. The celebration and festival last for nine nights and ten days, ending with the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). All labor and travel ends.
      - Kol Nidre — Eve of Day of Atonement. This begins the ending of the 10 Days of Awe. The night is devoted to prayer, repentance, and fasting. It is considered the Sabbath of Sabbaths.
      - Rosh Hashanah — Jewish New Year. Two day festival for reflection and planning for the future. Services are held and labor is not permitted.
      - Passover — Marks the liberation from Egypt. The first two and last two days of Passover require all labor to end.
      - Purim — Celebrates deliverance from Persia. This is a carnival and readings from the Book of Esther. No work or school restrictions accompany this day.
      - Simchat Torah — Rejoicing in the Torah. End of the weekly Torah Readings for the year.
      - Shemini Atzeret -- A fall festival on the last night of Sukkot that includes a memorial service for the dead.
      - Shavuot -- Commemorates the receipt of the Torah on Mount Sinai.
      - Sukkot — Feast of the Tabernacles. Celebration lasts for 7 days with no labor for the first two days.
      - Tisha B'Av -- Commemorates a series of Jewish tragedies including the destruction of the first and second temples of Jerusalem. Includes fasting.
      - Tu B'Shevat — New Year for Trees. Anniversary for all trees planted that year.
      - Yom Hashoah — Jewish Holocaust Memorial Day. Closest day to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
      - Yom Kippur — Day of Atonement. Most sacred day, spent in the synagogue. Fasting lasts 25 hours. No labor or travel is possible.
    - - God exists.
      - There is only one God.
      - There are no other gods.
      - God can't be subdivided into different persons (unlike the Christian view of God)
      - Jews should worship only the one God.
      - God is Transcendent: ...
      - God doesn't have a body. ...
      - God created the universe without help.
  - - - Greco-Roman Byzantine
      - Western culture
      - Middle Eastern
      - Slavic
      - Caucasian
      - possibly from Indian culture
    - - the father (God himself)
      - the son (Jesus Christ)
      - the Holy Spirit
    - - Aramaic
      - Hebrew
      - Greek
      - Latin
    - - major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century CE. It has become the largest of the world’s religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused of all faiths.
    - - Baptism
      - Confirmation
      - the Eucharist
      - Ordination
      - Marriage
      - Reconciliation
      - The Anointing of the Sick
  - - - Arabic language
    - - Facts
        
        The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.”
        
        Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
        
        Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in Arabic is known as Allah.
        
        Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. They believe that nothing can happen without Allah’s permission, but humans have free will.
        
        Islam teaches that Allah’s word was revealed to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
        
        Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law. They respect some of the same prophets as Jews and Christians, including Abraham, Moses, Noah and Jesus. Muslims contend that Muhammad was the final prophet.
        
        Mosques are places where Muslims worship.
        
        Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammad’s mosque in Medina.
        
        The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. The Hadith is another important book. Muslims also revere some material found in the Judeo-Christian Bible.
        
        Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death.
        
        A central idea in Islam is “jihad,” which means “struggle.” While the term has been used negatively in mainstream culture, Muslims believe it refers to internal and external efforts to defend their faith. Although rare, this can include military jihad if a “just war” is needed.
    - - Allah (although there is no appearance of the diety, its a concept
    - - Shahada, the declaration of their faith
      - Salat, the service that takes place five times a day
      - Zakat, a form of almsgiving
      - Sawm, the fasting in Islam
      - Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca
      - Ritual purity in Islam, an essential aspect of Islam
      - Khitan (circumcision), the term for male circumcision
      - Aqiqah, the sacrifice of an animal on the occasion of a child's birth
      - Common Rituals at Eid al-Fitr
      - Common Rituals at Eid al-Adha
      - Islamic Burial Rituals
    - - The “Namaste” greeting common to some Indian-Hindu groups
      - Removing shoes when entering the home
      - Sitting with soles of feet or shoes facing a person sitting close by/accidental touching of feet
      - Eye Contact
      - Social Distance
      - Shaking Hands
      - Emergency Treatment
      - Politeness and Respect for Elders
      - Wearing the Hijab
      - Celebrations: Eid-ui-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha
      - Dietary Restrictions
      - Drawing visual depictions of prophets
      - Prayer protocol and Pets
      - Role of Imam, or Prayer Leader
      - One God: ‘Allah’; Prayer Customs at Home, during Travel, and In the Mosque
      - Passing an item to someone with the left hand
  - - - Hinduism is a way of life for many people around the world. The Hindu philosophy comes from a wide range of beliefs from scriptures and many other varied religious literatures. The Hindu culture is one that revolves around love and respect for others. For example, respect for elders is a foundation of Hindu culture.
    - - the god Vishnu (Vaishnavism (Vishnu))
      - the god Shiva(Shaivism (Shiva))
      - the Goddess(Shaktism ,Shakti being another term for the female creative energy)
    - - Sanskrit
      - Gujarati
      - Tamil
      - Kannada
      - Bengali
      - Oriya
      - Telugu
      - Marathi
      - Rajasthani
      - Nepali
    - - Most scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between 2300 B.C. and 1500 B.C. in the Indus Valley, near modern-day Pakistan. But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed. Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs.
    - - puja
      - meditation
      - silent prayers
      - yoga
      - recitation of scriptures from Bhagavad Gita or bhajans
      - reading religious books
      - participating in Satsang (prayer meets)
      - performing charitable work
      - visiting a temple
      - chanting the name of their beloved God
  - - - All Buddhists believe in reincarnation
      - Buddhists also believe in the Law of Karma
      - Buddhism is not a God-centred faith.
      - Buddhists place strong emphasis on compassion
      - Five Precepts of
        harmlessness
        
        Refraining from intentionally killing any living being
        
        Refraining from any form of stealing
        
        Refraining from sexual misconduct, in particular
        
        from committing adultery
        
        Refraining from any form of lying
        
        Refraining from taking alcohol and non-medicinal
        
        drugs
    - - BUDDHA SHAKYAMUNI – THE HISTORICAL BUDDHA
      - BUDDHA MAITREYA – THE FUTURE BUDDHA
      - AVALOKITESHVARA – BODHISATTVA OF COMPASSION
      - MANJUSHRI – BODDHISATTVA OF WISDOM
      - MAHAKALA – THE GUARDIAN
      - TARA – FEMALE DEITY
      - PADAMSAMBHAVA – GURU RINPOCHE
      - PALDEN LHAMO – FEMALE GUARDIAN
      - TSONGKHAPA – FOUNDER OF RELIGION
      - VAJRAPANI – BODHISATTVA OF POWER
    - - Magadhi Prakrit
      - Pali
      - Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
      - Chinese
      - Tibetan
      - Japanese
      - Korean
      - Sogdian
      - Khotanese
      - Uyghur, Khitan
      - Thai
      - Cambodian
      - Mongolian
      - Manchu
    - - It originated in India in 563–483 B.C.E. with Siddhartha Gautama, and over the next millennia it spread across Asia and the rest of the world. Buddhists believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever. Siddhartha Gautama was the first person to reach this state of enlightenment and was, and is still today, known as the Buddha. Buddhists do not believe in any kind of deity or god, although there are supernatural figures who can help or hinder people on the path towards enlightenment.
      - Siddhartha Gautama was an Indian prince in the fifth century B.C.E. who, upon seeing people poor and dying, realized that human life is suffering. He renounced his wealth and spent time as a poor beggar, meditating and travelling but ultimately, remaining unsatisfied, settling on something called “the Middle Way.” This idea meant that neither extreme asceticism or extreme wealth were the path to enlightenment, but rather, a way of life between the two extremes. Eventually, in a state of deep meditation, he achieved enlightenment, or nirvana underneath the Bodhi tree (the tree of awakening). The Mahabodhi Temple in Bihar, India—the site of his enlightenment—is now a major Buddhist pilgrimage site.
      - The Buddha taught about Four Noble Truths. The first truth is called “Suffering (dukkha),” which teaches that everyone in life is suffering in some way. The second truth is “Origin of suffering (samudāya).” This states that all suffering comes from desire (tanhā). The third truth is “Cessation of suffering (nirodha),” and it says that it is possible to stop suffering and achieve enlightenment. The fourth truth, “Path to the cessation of suffering (magga)” is about the Middle Way, which are the steps to achieve enlightenment.
      - Buddhists believe in a wheel of rebirth, where souls are born again into different bodies depending on how they conducted themselves in their previous lives. This is connected to “karma,” which refers to how a person’s good or bad actions in the past or in their past lives can impact them in the future.
      - There are two main groups of Buddhism: Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism is common in Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Mongolia. It emphasizes the role models of bodhisattvas (beings that have achieved enlightenment but return to teach humans). Theravada Buddhism is common in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Burma (Myanmar). It emphasizes a monastic lifestyle and meditation as the way to enlightenment.
      - Buddhism has been a controversial religion. The head of the Tibetan school of Buddhism and traditional leader of Tibet, the Dalai Lama, fled from China-controlled Tibet in 1959 to India in fear of his life. Many Tibetan Buddhists actively resist Chinese control of the region. Recently, the current Dalai Lama, who is understood to be the fourteenth reincarnation of the first Dalai Lama, has raised questions over whether and where he will choose to reincarnate.
    - - Mantras - Buddhists may chant repetitively, as this is a form of mediation.
      - Chanting - Buddhists may sing the scriptures.
      - Mala - Buddhists may use a string of beads to help them focus during worship.
      - Meditation - Buddhists may use meditation to open themselves to a higher state of awareness. Meditation is central to Buddhism.
      - Bowing - Mahayana Buddhists often bow as a sign of respect.
      - Offerings - Buddhists may leave gifts as a mark of respect and reverence to the Buddha. These gifts may include flowers, which are beautiful but fade and serve as a reminder of the impermanence of things. They may also include candles, which are a mark of light and wisdom.
- - - - Religious people would say that although the idea of the spirit cannot really be described, its presence can be felt. It is what gives something its innermost essence and distinctive character. In ancient times the spirit was often described as the spark or breath which gave life. Anything which help people get closer to the spiritual world is said to be sacred or holy and it is treated with great respect.
    - - A religions usually, though not always, involves revering or worshipping a higher, unseen power which is thought to have created the world and now oversees it. This higher power is sometimes referred to as the Absolute. In some religions it is seen as an impersonal force. In others it is more of a personal force, often called God, to which people can appeal for help and guidance. Some religions have several gods. Most religions teach that the supreme power is beyond description and so they do not have pictures of it.
    - - In many religions there is the belief that people, and in some cases animals, have a kind of inner spark which is separated from their body and mind, and which corresponds to the spirit described earlier. It is often called the spirit or soul. It is considered the most important part of a person's being because it is what can lead towards the Absolute and it is immortal(never dies).
    - - Religions ask and try to answer certain important questions: why was the world created? How should people live? Why is there so much suffering? What happens after death?
      - Jews, Christians and Muslims have similar creation story: God created the world and made the first man, Adam, from soil, and the first woman, Eve. Adam and Eve lived in paradise but God cast them out to struggle on Earth because they disobeyed him by eating the fruit of a forbidden tree.
      - Any answers to the big questions posed by religions cannot be tested by reason and proved; the questioner has to trust or have faith in the answers. Another word for religion is faith.
    - - The word religion comes from Latin religio, which means an obligation or duty. Religions require their believers to behave according to a set of guidelines or rules.
      - Many religious people believe that the code of behavior was laid down by their God and must be obeyed without question.
    - - Religions recognize that the world and the people in it are imperfect and a source of suffering. According to many religions, if people have faith and follow the religion's teachings correctly, then they will be saved from their wrongdoings and spared any further suffering after death by being united with the Absolute. This is often referred to as salvation or liberation. Some religions teach that liberation is possible even in this life.
    - - Definition
        
        Religious wirings are called scriptures and are treated with great respect by beliebers. This is especially so when the scriptures are thought to have been communicated directly by God. Such direct communications are known as revelations.
      - Interpretation of Sculpture
        
        People who believe that every word of a certain scriptures comes directly from God and so has unchanging authority for all time are known as conservatives, traditioinalists or fundamentalists.
        
        Other people may believe that the same scripture was inspired by God but feel that the social conditions of the time when it was written and the individual views and personality of the of the authors have to be taken into account in understanding it. These people are sometimes called liberals. Christians disagree over the issue of women priests. Traditionalists argue that the scripture imply that priests should be male. The liberals say there is no evidence for this.
    - - Many religions have priests: officials who have public duties such as leading acts of worship. They may also try to guide people towards the spiritual world and in some religions act as a kind of go-between between people and God and vice versa.
    - - Worship involves honoring God or the gods. Believers often meet together to express the feelings of wonder, joy and gratitude that they share. When the meeting takes the form of a ceremony it is often called a service. It is through the set actions performed in worship, which are known as rituals, that people demonstrate their beliefs.
    - - Religions usually celebrate important events in people's lives such as birth, reaching adulthood, marriage and death with special ceremonies. The aim of these is to encourage people to think about the meaning and purpose of life, and to help individuals through times of change. There is also the hope that those taking part will be looked upon favorably by the supreme power.
    - - In religions with a personal God, prayer often consists of giving praise and thanks, or asking for help and guidance for oneself or other people.
      - Prayer can also take the form of meditation. The aim of meditation is to achieve inner stillness so that barriers to understanding fall away. Aids to concentration are often used in prayer and meditation. Common aids in many religions include beads, candles and incense.
    - - In many religions there are groups of people who have different, stricter rules of behavior. The men(monks) live in monasteries and the women(nuns) in nunneries, separated from the rest of society. They do not marry or have ordinary jobs. Often they are not allowed to touch money. Some live lives of prayer or meditation; others do charity work.
    - - Religious festivals often celebrate special events in the history of a religion, such as the birth or death of a leader. They also celebrate key events in nature, such as spring or harvest time. Festivals remind believers of their faith at certain times during each year and bring them together to give thanks for those things they consider valuable.
    - - Same places are thought to have a spiritual quality, often because important religious events took place there, and believers try to visit them.
      - Jerusalem, in Israel, is sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims alike, though for different historical reasons.