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Proteinsynthesis and Semi-conservative Replication - Coggle Diagram
Proteinsynthesis and Semi-conservative Replication
Transcription
RNA polymerase joins to the DNA double helix
DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complimentary bases, it uncoils the DNA helix and separates them.
One of the strands is used as a template for the mrna
RNA polymerase lines up the RNA nucleotides alongside the free exposed bases. Complimentary base pairing means the mrna ends up being a complimentary copy for the DNA template strand
When the bases have paired up, they are joined by RNA polymerase which creates an mrna molecule
RNA polymerase runs along side the strand which forms a new mrna strand
The hydrogen bonds in the uncoiled DNA helix re-form and join together and coil into a double helix again
Translation
mrna attaches itself to a ribosome and the trna carries amino acids to it
the trna with a complimentary anticodon to the first mrna codon attaches itself by specific base pairing
A second anticodon attaches to the next mrna codon
The amino acids carried by the trna are joined by a peptide bond and the first anti-codon moves away
The next trna molecule binds to the mrna, allowing the previous one to move away. This carries on until the stop signal occurs and a polypeptide chain is formed
Semi-conservative replication
DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the two polynucleotide chains. This unwinds the DNA double helix
Each single strand acts as a template for a new strand. Complimentary base pairing occurs and the free floating bases are attracted to their complimentary exposed bases.
DNA polymerase catalyses the condensation reaction which joins the new nucleotides of the new strands together. Hydrogen bonds form again between the bases.
Each new DNA helix contains one old strand and one new strand