Pragmatics
Intro
not words meaning but speaker's intention
lg and its users
linguistic/ situational context and how they affect utterance meaning
definition: assumed knowledge – what is implied and inferred, rather than directly said
definition 2: study of contextual meaning (what the words mean in context not in isolation)
Meaning
Utterance Meaning
Sentence Meaning
the meaning of an expression when used in a given context
meaning predicted from
semantic relation of the words and the sentence
decontextualized
abstract.
not directly related to the grammatical and lexical structure
Context
Definition
Types
by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer
general view of the world
knowledge of the situation
what was said before
knowledge abut each other
language
Cultural Context
Linguistic Context (co-text
Physical Context
Epistemic Context
Pragmatic Competence
Inference
place and objects
background knowledge
lg used before or after
social role, social status, sex and age
the study of invisible meaning
how we recognize what is meant even when it isn’t actually said
additional information used by the listener to create a connection between what is said and what must be meant (المعلومات الي من كيسنا مشان نحلل موقف معين، قصده هيك وقصدها هيك)
listener’s ability to recognize what we mean than on the listener’s ‘dictionary’ knowledge of a word we use.
Definition: the ability to use language effectively in order to achieve a specific purpose and to understand language in context.
utterance inferences
utterance interpretation
semantics and syntax
cross-cultural differences
non-verbal communication (gestures, face, eye contact...)
context
interlocutor's status
register = the degree of formality of language