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THORACIC CAGE(wall of thorax) - Coggle Diagram
THORACIC CAGE(wall of thorax)
Framework
Anterior
Sternum and costal cartilage
Posterior
Vertebral column (T1-T12)
Superior
Continuous with neck at superior thoracic aperture
Lateral
Rib and intercostal space
Inferior
Separated from abdomen by diaphragm at inferior thoracic aperture
Functions
Protect lung and heart and give attachment for ms
Help in breathing by increasing or decreasing size of thoracic cavity
Thoracic Aperture
Superior Thoracic Aperture
T1 vertebra
1st pair of ribs and the costal cartilage
Superior border of manubrium
Inferior Thoracic Aperture
T12 vertebra
11 and 12 pairs of ribs
Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
Xiphisternal joint (anterior landmark
Border
Posterior
Vertebral coumn (T1-T12)
Lateral
Ribs and intercostal space
Anterior
Sternum and costal cartilage
Sternum
Flat bone
Forms the anterior boundary of superior mediastinum
3 Parts
Manubrium
T2 vertebra / jugular notch
Articulate wif clavicle -sternoclavicular joint
1st costal cartilage
primary cartilaginous joint
2nd cartilaginous joint (upper part)
Manubriosternal joint( secondary cartilaginous joint)
Body
2nd costal cartilage (lower part)
2-7 costal cartilage (synovial plane joint)
Xiphoid process
Xiphisternal joint
Primary cartilaginous joint
T9 level
7th rib attach to this junction
mark the inferior limit of thoracic cavity
Angle of Louis
Manubriosternal joint(secondary cartilaginous joint)
Permit little movement
Lie at level of t4 and t5 vertebra
2nd rib articulate here
Bifurcation of trachea
begin and end of aortic arch
Applied anatomy
Landmark for CPR
Thoracic vertebra
Have costal facet at body
Articulate with ribs
Costotransverse facet (costovertebral joint)
Irregular bone
Typical
T2-T8
Atypical
T1 , T9-T12
T1- complete costal facet for head of 1st rib
T10 -single complete costal facet for head
T11 and T12 -no facet at transverse process
Present of costal facet
:warning:
Feature of TV
Body
Heart shaped
Demifacet (superior and inferior)
Articulate wif head of ribs
Spine
downward and backward
Vertebral foramen
Circular in shape
Transverse process :Costal facet to articulate with tubercle of ribs (except 11th to 12th)
Criteria as typical TV
Articulate with own rib at superior demifacet
Articulate with rib below at inferior demifacet
Articulate with tubercle of own rib at its transverse process
RIBS
Feature of typical ribs
Head
2 facet articulating with 2 vertebrae
Smaller and upper facet articulate with vertebra above
Large and lower facet articulate with own vertebra
Neck
Tubercle
Angle
Body/Shaft
Presence of costal groove on inner surface
Accommodate VAN (intercostal vein, art, nerve from above to down)
Classification of ribs (3 types)
True (7)
Anteriorly
Directly articulate wif sternum thru their own costal cartilage
Posteriorly
Connected to vertebra
False (3)
Anteriorly
Indirectly join sternum thru 7th costal cartilage
Posteiorly
Connected to vertebrae
Float (2)
Not connect to sternum
Anterior ends are free
Type
Typical
3-9th rib
Same feature
Atypical
1,2,10,11,12
Feature not common to other ribs
For 1,10 ,11,12 ,only with its own vertebra (have only 1 facet on their head)
Head -has only one facet to articulate wif TV1
Neck -anterior relations are stellate ganglion, apex of lung ,highest intercostal vessels , 1st thoracic nerve
(largest anterior end ,lower surface is smooth and upper surface has 2 grooves separated by scalene tubercle
Anterior groove -subclavian vein
Posterior groove
Subclavian artery and lower trunk of brachial plexus
2nd rib -both ends touch the same horizontal plane
11 and 12 have no neck and tubercle
Least commonly injured
Upper 2 ribs
Protected by calvicle
Lower 2 ribs -Floating ribs
Unattached anteriorly hence free to swing