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Presupposition - Coggle Diagram
Presupposition
Definition
One aspect of meaning
related to what is communicated
but NOT said.
OR/ what sender assumes to be known by receiver
Presupposition triggers (Types and definition)
existential
definitive descriptions
Possessive constructions.
Noun phrases
lexical
verbs of judging
counterfactual verbs
change of state verbs
begin, start, stop, finish, cease, continue, carry on, cease, take, leave, enter, come, go, arrive
factive verbs
know, realize, regret, be aware
conventional items
iteratives
again
implicative verbs
non-factive
pretend, dream. imagine
structural
adverbial clauses
comparative constructions
er/ est/ more/ less
wh-questions
counter factual conditionals
it means contrary to facts
If, unless, without
cleft constructions
it was ... who did such and such
no- restrictive clauses
temporal clauses
before, while, since, after, during
definition
inferences or assumptions which seem to be built into linguistic expressions and can be isolated by linguistic tests.
inference = تخمين بناء على معطيات موجودة
can be isolated = يعني الكلمة نفسها بدون السياق لها مدلول
expressions which can act as the sources of presuppositions
How presupposition is successful
needs and abilities of the interlocutors must be met
interlocutors= any one who takes part in any conversation
there must be shared knowledge
Pragmatic Presupposition
Shared Knowledge
Speaker’s Assumptions and Beliefs
Knowledge of the World
constancy under negation.
Presupposed meaning doesn't change when sentences are negated.