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Political Executives, prime minister, Bureaucracy, president, Theories of…
Political Executives
branch of government
executive：implement law,execute law
judiciaries：interpret law,adjudicate
legislatures：make law,enact ligislation
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prime minister
their power drive from
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their level and range of their patronage(贊助者,供養人)
parliamentary executives
the political executive is drown from the assembly,the executive is selected from the legislature
the executive is directly responsible to the assembly ,or least to its lower chamber(下議院)
separate head of state in the form of a constitutional monarch or non executives(fulfill ceremonial duties) and prime minister(the chief executive)
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citizen vote only for the legislature,not for the chief of government and the government ie directly responsible to the majority in the legislature
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power is derived from their leadership of the majority party or coalition of parties, in the assembly
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Bureaucracy
characteristics of
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specification of jobs with detailed rights, obligations, responsibilities, scope of authority
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Efficiency and productivity criteria often hard to apply to government programs, as they’re mandated by statute to serve many goals, with many legal restrictions
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Nowadays, Bureaucracy tends to be a pejorative （貶抑的）term
Making bureaucracies flexible, creative, and accountable is an important task of the modern world.
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