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AC2.1 - Explain forms of social control - Coggle Diagram
AC2.1 - Explain forms of social control
Internal social control
Moral conscience
Sigmund Freud
Id:
The pleasure principle, selfish
Ego:
The reality principle, mediator
Superego:
The morality principle, angel
Dominant Id =
criminality
Dominant ego =
healthy balance
Traditions and beliefs
Our culture and religion are deeply internalised and determine our norms, values and expectations.
Conforming to a traction affirms identity and also allows us to be accepted within a community.
E.g. Muslims often pray 5 times a day in order to conform with Islam beliefs.
Rational ideology
Socialisation from our parents and other groups or institutions develop our superego traditions and also install our rational ideology within us.
This is the deep internalisation of social rules so that we behave appropriately.
External social control
Agencies of social control
Informal agencies:
Family and peer groups
Informal agencies:
Police and education systems
There are institutions, organisations and groups who encourage and force us to behave.
They each use positive and negative rewards and sanctions to encourage good and appropriate behaviour. E.g. imprisonment, money, ignorance from family or friends, expelled from school, etc.
Coercion
The use of force or threat by the state in order to persuade someone to conform or behave appropriately.
Threat:
the fear of punishment
Force:
military force or imprisonment
Theories
Control theory
Travis Hirschi
Strong social bonds:
encourages conformity
Weak social bonds:
risk of offending
Commitment:
to future successes
Involvement:
in work, family and social life
Attachment:
to others around us
Beliefs:
about what is morally right or wrong
Containment theory
Walter Reckless
Inner containment:
morality
conscience, fear of punishment
and our desire to be
a good person.
Outer containment:
the influence
of family, friend, police etc
in disciplining us.
Push factors:
desperation,
selfishness or aggression
Pull factors:
peer pressure or neglect
Push and pull factors are kept
at bay by our inner and outer containment
Feminist control theory
Frances Heidenson
80,000 men in prison but only 5000 women
Women have less oppurtunities
in life to commit crime
Domestic sphere:
females are
more
dominant as they have social expectations
and responsibilities of childcare,
cooking and cleaning.
Public sphere:
females are
less
dominant than males
Work sphere:
females are
less
dominant than males and often hold
lower positions providing less opportunity
for white collar crime