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4.5 Scope Management - Coggle Diagram
4.5
Scope Management
Scope management in internal and external projects
Internal projects
An example of an internal major engineering project is the development of a new product
The communication between the internal stakeholders is easier to facilitate
External projects
They involve multiple organisations assuming different roles such as: sponsor, investors, client, owner, contractors, or suppliers.
in external projects communication is more difficult
scope management of external projects depends heavily on formal instruments (eg contacts, concessions) and decision making processes.
Scope Management
(Lecture)
Defining the scope
Develop the work breakdown structure (WBS)
a hierarchical representation aiming to break down the complexity of the project
Develop a project charter (in internal projects)
Controlling changes
to the defined requirements
managing scope creep
Scope planning
by formulating the project scope statement
Scope verification
Scope creep and gold plating
Scope creep
(Project Management Institute, 2013, p. 562) defines scope creep as:"The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.”
scope creep involves making many small incremental changes which, if considered together, result in a significant scope change
Scope creep is a negative phenomenon: it can, for example, lead to litigation between the contractor and the client.
Key Features of scope creep
It involves the addition of incremental work not included in the original scope of the project.
It involves the client requesting changes to the project.
It can impact on the project's schedule and profitability.
Appropriate scope management is necessary to limit or avoid scope creep
Gold Plating
Gold plating describes incremental and continuous small changes made to the project’s scope. When you combine these small changes they constitute a significant change.
Key Features of gold plating
It is typically initiated by the contractor, and has an impact on cost, performance and profitability.
You can use scope management tools such as a Work Breakdown Structure or a risk cube to mitigate against its effects.
It involves the inclusion of additional elements to the project, which go beyond the project's scope.
The cost of scope change
The cost of the change varies according to when in the project’s life cycle the change is made