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T.10: English orthograpic codes. Relationship between sound & spelling…

- - - - :one: The oral medium: with phonetic and phonology.
      - :two: The written medium: with graphetics and graphology.
        
        :check: Graphetics: is the study of physical properties of the sysmbols that constitute writing systems.
        
        :check: Graphology is the study of the linguistic contrasts that writing systems convey.
        
        :check: Graphemes are the smallests units in a writing system capable of causing contrast in meaning. :flag-gb: 26 graphemes that make up the alphabet.
        
        There are several types of writing systems:
        
        :one: Phonological systems: show a clear relationship between the symbols and sounds of the language.
        
        :flag-gb: & :flag-ea: are phonological systems but they have different graphemic/ phonemic regularity.
        
        :two: non-phonological systems: those which do not show a clear relationship between the symbols & sounds
- - - - :explode: Diachronic varieties
        
        :check: Earliest English alphabet: missionaires in Britain added 4 sounds th, w, j & u.
        
        :check: French-trained scribes: K, g, q , v
        
        :check: 16th century: Latin or Greek etymology were fashionable. New loans appeared from Spanish, Italian, French... :arrow_right: "Ll", "zz" or "tt".
      - :explode: Synchronic varieties: Everybody knows that there are several English languages used nowadays. I'll study :flag-gb: & :flag-us: according to their traditional, economical & political relevance around the :earth_americas:
        
        I'll point 5 major differences:
        
        3- se like in defense :flag-us: & defence :flag-gb:
        
        4- -og like in dialog :flag-us: & dialogue :flag-gb:
        
        2- -or like in color :flag-us: & colour :flag-gb:
        
        5- Idividual words such as pajamas, aluminium , tire, etc.
        
        1- -er instead of -re, like in center :flag-us: & centre :flag-gb:
  - - - It makes complex to establish a correspondence between phonemes and letters
        
        :check: Relations phonemes-letters that Ss should know:
        
        :one: There are letters that are not pronounced:
        
        "L" in should & walk
        
        "T" in castle & listen"
        
        "W" & "K" initial position followed by consonant. E.g. knife
        
        :two: Double "ee" normally corresponds to a long "i-sound". E.g. :bee: or :deciduous_tree:
        
        :three: Double "oo" is usually either long "u" (food or mood) or short "u" (book or look)
        
        5 exceptions Blood, floor, door, brooch & poor
- - - - Matthew :silhouette: 5 subskills related to writing
        
        :one: Graphic or visual skills: includes spelling, punctuation, capitalisation & format.
        
        :two: Grammatical skills: to use successfully a variety of sentence patterns.
        
        :three: Styllistic or expresive: to express precise meanings in a variety of styles and patterns.
        
        :four: Rethorical skills: cohesion & link of parts of text into logical sequence.
        
        :five: Organisational skills: sequencing the ideas, summarising relevant points, etc.
        
        In the teaching & learning process of a lg. we need to start from the receptive skills & move towards the productive ones. :arrow_right: Krashen's theory of Natural approach. :silhouette:
  - - - 2.- :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: activities should have a visual back up :writing_hand: :eyes: :bookmark:
        
        3- the main :goal_net: is attitudinal. To foster the right attitudes towards the learning of the written code.
  - - - :one: Modelled writing: the :teacher demonstrates all the writing & thinking out loud.
        
        :two: Shared writing: "think-aloud" about writing but with children involved in a kind of a problem solving approach.
        
        :three: Guided writing: step between :male-teacher::skin-tone-2: directed and independent writing.
        
        :four: Independent writing: :male-student::skin-tone-2:s have the opportunity to :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: with minimal help.
- - - - Word level
        
        Making lists, pictionaries, completing crosswords.
        
        Classifying words under heading, matching labels to pictures.
        
        working out anagrams, etc
        
        Sentence level
        
        :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: captions for pictures, :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: speech bubbles, :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: sentences based on surveys or questionnaires...
        
        answering :question:s, matching halves of sentences...
        
        Sequencing sentences, correcting mistakes in sentences...
        
        Text level
        
        Relaying instructions, :writing_hand::skin-tone-2: games
        
        exchanging letters, story construction, etc.
        
        Writing reports & advertisements...
        
        ICTs :desktop_computer:
        
        Learn English Kids.
        
        Classroom blog
        
        "Penpal friend program & e-Twinning project.
        
        Storybird & Oxford Owl Books.
- - - - The elements of this topic: :flag-gb: orthographic code & the relationship between sound and spelling are related to the 4 blocks of contents. :heavy_plus_sign: connected to the 1st key competence: linguistic communication.