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T.1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Languages: classified to the senses
        
        Human communication=
        involves all senses
      - Characteristics that make
        human comm. unique
        
        Communicative vs informative signals
        
        Displacement
        
        Arbitrariness
        
        Productivity
        
        Cultural Transmission
        
        Discreteness
  - - - 2.1 CLT
        
        Language teaching=
        constant evolution
        
        mention diff. approaches.
        
        Def: app. that seeks
        achieving comm. comp.
        
        Theoretical frame of this approach=
        communicative competence.
        
        being able to communicate
        
        using a second language”
        
        Chomsky
        1957
        
        Hymes
        1963
        
        Systematic potential:
        
        Appropiacy
        
        Ocurrence
        
        Feasability:
        
        Canale and
        Swain
        
        Grammatical competence
        
        Sociolinguistic competence
        
        Discourse competence
        
        Strategic competence
        
        Legal frame
- - - - none are superior
    - - Language materialises through
        
        speech
        
        material of human language
        
        Phonetics studies the
        speech sounds in a language
  - - - Grammatical features
        
        Oral: when speaking, we tend to abbreviate and use longer coordinated sentences.
        Written: Little to no abbreviation and no use of ellipsis, more complex sentences and standard grammar structures.
      - Lexical Features
        
        Oral: low lexical density:
        Written: higher lexical density with complex vocabulary and the use of more abstract terms.
      - Discourse features
        
        Oral: more than one person in the conversation derives a high incidente of markers of interpersonal dynamics.
        Written: explicit presentation of ideas to a non-presence audience.
- - - - Referential: give contextual information.
      - Emotive: express the speaker’s attitudes
      - COnative: imperatives, language for the addressee
      - Phatic: social function of languages, establish contact
      - Metalingual: talk about language itself
      - Poetic: this function focuses on the message itself: rhetorical figures, intonation, are part of this function
    - - Performs an action
        
        Effect of our communication
      - Searle (1969)
        
        Directives : attempt to get the listener to perform some future action, like questioning, ordering and requesting.
        
        Assertives: representing the actual state of reality, like informatives sentences.
        
        Commisives: commit the speaker to a future action, like promising.
        
        Declaratives: those sentences that bring some change into the institutional state of afairs, like declaring a war.
        
        Expressives: express a psychological state.
  - - - Field of discourse (what)
        Tenor of discourse (who)
        Mode of discourse (aims)
- - - - Legal frame