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BOWLBY - Coggle Diagram
BOWLBY
Theory of attachment
Phase 1: during the first few months of life, the baby reacts indiscriminately towards any adult
Phase 2: 3-6 months old, baby directs behaviour mostly towards primary caregiver using social releasers such as crying and smiling to encourage a response from the caregiver
Phase 3: around 6 months, intense attachment with primary caregiver, uses them as a safe base from which to explore the world - show extreme distress at separation
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Evaluation:
`STRENGTHS: - Bowlby (1944) Juvenile Thieves, 17 of the 44 had experienced MD
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Adaptive: attachment with a caregiver increases chances of survival as they're provided with safety, food and warmth aka 'adaptive advantage'
Social Releasers: physical (baby features) and behavioural (crying, smiling, cooing) 'social releasers' draw the adult back when they're in distress and unlock the innate tendency to care for the child
Critical Period: if a secure attachment is not formed within the first 2-3 years of life - Bowlby states the child will be permanently socially, emotionally, physically and intellectually damaged. Failure to form an attachment in the critical period is called 'maternal deprivation'. B later said it was a 'sensitive period' rather than 'all or nothing'.
Monotropy: failure to form or maintain the monotropic bond would have negative consequences, Bowlby claims an infants attachment to their mother is the most important but can be substituted with an ever present adult-mother substitute
Internal Working Model: through the monotropic attachment, a prototype is formed for all future social relationships.