Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pleura, Meet at hilum of lung - Coggle Diagram
Pleura
Pleural and lung reflection
Mid-inspiration, generally: visceral pleura are 2 ribs more superior than parietal pleura
Pleura reach the midline at rib 2
Pleura (left lung ) deviate to left at rib 4 (cardiac notch)
Pleura (left lung) deviate to right at rib 6
Pleura (right lung) continues inferiorly from rib 4 - 6
Visceral pleura reaches rib 6 at mid-clavicular line
Parietal pleura reaches rib 8 at mid-clavicular line
Visceral pleural reach rib 8 at mid axillary line
parietal pleura reaches rib 10 at mid axillary line
Posteriorly-Visceral pleura reach rib 10
Parietal pleura reach rib 12
Lower margin of parietal pleura
Midclavicular line-8th
Midaxillary line -10th
Scapular line-12th
Lower margin of visceral pleura
Midclavicular line-6th
Midaxillary line-8th
Scapular line-10th
Pleural cavity
Separate and closed potential space
Have thin film of pleura fluid btw these two layers
Lubricates the two layers of pleural cavity (10-20ml)
Fluid-pleural effusion
Blood-haemothorax
Air-Pneumothorax
2 types
Parietal pleura (outer)
Lines the body wall and mediastinum
given diff names according to parts with which it is ass.
Costal pleura
Lines the sternum ,ribs and costal cartilage, intercostal spaces and sides of vertebral bodies
Anteriorly, it turns sharply onto the mediastinum and continuous with mediastinal pleura.
The sharp edge of reflection is called "anterior border of the pleura" :check:
Space btw these 2 pleura called costodiaphragmatic recess -as potential spaces for inferior expansion of lung during inspiration :star:
Posteriorly, it turns forward over the sides of vertebral bodies and become continuous with mediastinal pleura. This round edge of pleural reflection called posterior border of pleura :!:
Mediastinal pleura
Above root of lung - continuous sheet that extend from anterior to posterior
At root of lung - turns laterally to enclose structure of lung root and continues with visceral pleura covering lung
Below root of lung - turns laterally as a double layer called the
pulmonary ligament
This fold extend inferiorly providing a dead space into which the lung root descend during inspiration and for expansion of pulmonary vein during increase venous return from the lung -as in exercise
Diaphragmatic pleura
cover most of the diaphragm except central tendon
Cervical pleura
Bulged upward into neck
Convex upward ,from sternoclavicular joint
Vulnerable to stab wound in root of neck
Or vulnerable by an anaesthetic's needle when carrying a nerve block of lower trunk of brachial plexus
Visceral pleura (inner)
Wraps around lung
dips into the fissures of lung so that the lobes are covered by it
Provides the lung with a smooth ,slippery surface for free movement in parietal pleura
Innervation of pleura
Parietal pleura
Costal: Intercostal nerve
Mediastinal and diaphragmatic
Phrenic nerve
Visceral pleura
Pulmonary plexus
Insensitive to pain
Arterial supply
Thoracic wall
Intercostal
Internal thoracic
musculophrenic arteries
Visceral pleura
Bronchial arteries
Thin layer of tissue
Protect and cushion the lung
Applied anatomy
Pleural tap /thoracocentesis
Needle insertion and drainage
Patient in upright position
Fluid in thorax, tube is inserted in the mid-axillary line of the 9th intercostal space and directed posteriorly
in costodiaphragmatic recess
Meet at hilum of lung