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(CHAPTER 19) POPULATION AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES - Coggle Diagram
(CHAPTER 19)
POPULATION AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Systematic sampling
often used instead of random sampling. this is random sampling with a system
Cluster sampling
the population is divided into mutually exhaustive subsets
Stratified random sampling
dividing the population into subgroups based on variables known about those subgroups and the taking a simple random sample of each subgroup.
Multi-stage sampling
the simplest random sampling strategies with 4 techniques, simple, stratified, systematic and cluster
Simple random sampling
all subsets of the frame are given an equal random sampling
SAMPLE SIZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
is contingent on a number of factors relating to epistemological, methodological and practical issues
knowledgeable participants
minimum number of informant, participants or interviewees in 1
interview structure an content
heterogeneity of the group
sampling continues until researcher reached saturation
the number of interviews done already
resourcing of the study // geographical limitation
the complexity of the interviews
the type of sampling techniques employed
the researcher's experience, fatigue and confidence
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Select a sampling procedure
Define the sample size
Identify the sampling frame
Select the sample units
Define the population
Collect data from the sample
SAMPLE SIZE IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
a minimum sample size of 30 for each category is necessary if the samples are broken into sub-samples
in multivariate research (including multiple regression analyses) the sample size should be several times as large as the number of variables in the study
sample sizes larger than 30 and less than 500
for simple experimental research with tight experimental controls ( matched pairs) successful research is possible with samples as small as 10 to 20 in size"
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Expert sampling
assembling a sample of respondents with known or demonstrable experience and expertise in some area
Quota sampling
the researcher ensures equal or proportionate representation of subjects depending on which trait is considered as basis of the quota
Judgmental sampling
subjects are chosen to be part of the sample with a specific purpose in mind
Heterogeneity sampling
include all opinions or views, and not concerned about representing these view proportionately
Purposive sampling
sampling the respondent with a purpose in mind
Snowball sampling
done when there is a very small population size
Convenience sampling (accidental or haphazard)
samples are selected because they are accessible to the researcher