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The Creation Of The Universe - Coggle Diagram
The Creation Of The Universe
Types of Rocks
Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are made up of sediments that have been compacted. Weathering, such as wind, ice, and water, breaks down rocks into sediments. Sediments are also classified by their size, with boulders being the largest and clay being the smallest.
Metamorphic
Rocks that have undergone metamorphism as a result of exposure to high heat or pressure are known as metamorphic rocks. Contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism are the two forms of metamorphism.
Igneous
Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Magma and lava are two different forms of molten natural substance because magma is molten stuff deep under the Earth, while lava is molten material that explodes onto the surface.
Continental Drift
Continent
South America
Africa
Asia
Australia
Europe
Antarctica
North America
Massive Supercontinent
Pangaea
Supercontinent
Gondwana
Laurasia
According to geologists, continental drift is one of the earliest concepts on how continents shifted over time. It's also been overtaken by a more scientific theory called the plate tectonics theory. Millions and millions of years ago, our globe was once one massive supercontinent known as Pangaea, but through time, sections of Pangaea drifted apart, becoming the continents we know today.
Layers of the Atmosphere
Mesosphere
The mesosphere is the layer of the atmosphere responsible for meteors (shooting stars). Meteors arise when a tiny rock, asteroid, or comet fragment crashes into the Earth's atmosphere from space. As they fall, the air resistance will heat them up to the point where they will fully burn up.
Stratosphere
Ozone is a form of oxygen present in the stratosphere that absorbs the sun's harmful UV radiation. The ozone layer, often known as the ozone shield, shields Earth from dangerous UV radiation.
Thermosphere
The thermosphere reaches to about 600 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Satellites can orbit at this altitude because the air pressure is so low. Due to air resistance, the International Space Station also circles in this region and loses height every day, although only around 60 meters each day.
Exosphere (highest)
The exosphere is the Earth's outermost layer. In the exosphere, the air is tremendously thin. The exosphere reaches 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers) above the earth's surface from the top of the thermosphere.
Troposphere (lowest)
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the ground to a height of roughly 12 kilometres. The summit of Mount Everest (the world's highest peak) is contained inside this level. Temperatures are at -80°C at the top of the troposphere, and pressure is a tenth of what it is at sea level.
Tectonic Plates
Scotia Plate
South American Plate
Nazca Plate
Caribbean Plate
Pacific Plate
Cocos Plate
African Plate
Tectonic plates are enormous slab-like structures formed of solid rock which is located on the lithosphere which is above the asthenosphere.
Antarctican Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
Indian Plate
Arabian Plate
Eurasian Plate
Juan de Fuca Plate
North American Plate
Philippine Plate
Movement of Tectonic Plates
Convergent
When the crust crumples and bends into mountain ranges, it creates convergent borders, and plates providing land regions converge. Mount Everest is formed when India and Asia collide 55 million years ago and is now the world’s biggest mountain in the world.
Divergent
Magma rises to the surface at divergent boundaries, separating two or more plates, from deep inside the Earth's mantle. Mountains and volcanoes rise along the chasm.
Transform
Transform boundaries are created when two plates grind past each other along their length. Although the migration of this barrier does not result in the formation of mountains or seas, it does cause big earthquakes to occur on a regular basis.
Layers of Earth
The Asthenosphere
Although the asthenosphere is a liquid, it is a rich, sticky liquid that does not flow smoothly.
The Outer Core
The temperature is somewhere around 5000°C, which is warm enough for liquid to form in the outer core.
The Mantle
The mantle is made up of extremely heated rock that may reach temperatures of up to 4000°C, yet despite this, the pressures within the Earth keep the mantle solid.
The Inner Core
The inner core, which is at the heart of the core, has such high pressures that it would be solid.
The Crust
The crust can be as little as 5 kilometres thick under the sea, while it can be anywhere from 35 to 70 kilometres thick on land.
Atoms
Electron
Electron are a cluster of subatomic particles with a -1 relative charge.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the core of an atom which is made up of protons and neutrons,
Neutron
Neutron are a cluster of subatomic particles with a 0 relative charge.
Charge
The charge of a subatomic particle, indicates how much it costs.
Proton
Protons are a cluster of subatomic particles with a +1 relative charge.
Climate and Weather
Climate
Climate is the long-term weather pattern of an area, which is generally an average of more than 30 years.
Weather
Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere on a certain day rather than about a period of 30 years or more.
Climate Change
Global Warming
Global warming is the gradual rise in the total temperature of the earth's atmosphere, which is often tied to greenhouse gas emissions.
Greenhouse Gases
It is a gas that absorbs infrared light and so therefore contributes to the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons.
Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect causes global warming and climate change by trapping the sun's heat on earth like a blanket making it warmer and warmer.