"O, this gloomy world! In what a shadow, or deep pit of darkness doth womanish and fearful, mankind live!” Though he himself was directly responsible for much of their misfortune, he has taken the Dcuhess’s side as one worthy of "good" so happily that he faces his own death without care. He exhibits no hope about what is to come, nor any hope about the world he is leaving behind. Throughout the play, Ferdinand and the Cardinal have, through Bosola, acted to bring hell to Earth for the Duchess, but the consequences spill over onto themselves