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Wireless communication - Coggle Diagram
Wireless communication
implementation
WLAN
infrastructure
components
WLAN controller (WLC)
configures access points
switches
provide connecfivity
can provide power to access points via power over Ethernet (POE)
provides VLANs
access points
baisc service set ID (BSSID)
provide WIFI
extended service set ID (ESSID)
single cell instrastructure
multi cell infrastructure
authentication
WPA
versions
WPA2
WPA2 enterprise
requires AAA
WPA2 personal
requires PSK
4-way handshake
AES encryption
WPA3
dragon fly handshake
WPA3 enterprise
requires AAA
WPA3 personal
requires PSK
AES encryption
WPA1
deprecated and insecure
WEP
deprecated and insecure
versions
WIFI 6
beam forming support
BSS coloring
QAM 1024
WIFI 5
WIFI 4
WIFI 3
WIFI 2
WIFI 1
wave
versions
wave 1
downlink MIMO
wave 2
downlink & uplink MIMO
mobility
implementations
virtual cells
multiple access points use the same BSSID
WLC has the control of switching AP
has more information than the client
more resource intensiv
a bigger cells implies worse airtime
roaming
clients have the control of switching AP
sticky client problem
switching BSSID
general problems
requires overlapping cells
overlapping cells can cause cross-channel
or co-channel interference
breakout modes
local breakout
TODO
tunneled breakout
TODO
frequency
2.4 GHz
channels
total: 1-11
non overlapping: 1 & 6 & 11
5 GHz
channels
non dynamic frequency selection (DFS): 36-48
total: 36-64
& 100-165
(6GHz)
used by WIFI 6E
protocols
LWAPP
TODO
CAPWAP
TODO
mobile communication
technologies
GSM
topology (TODO: restructure connections like in 4G)
radio sub system (RSS) /
base station sub system (BSS)
mobile station (MS)
mobile equipment (ME)
IMEI
subscriber identity module (SIM)
IMSI
KI
base transceiver station (BTS)
base station controller (BSC)
network sub system (NSS)
circuit switched network (CSN)
mobile switching center (MSC)
short message service center (SMSC)
home lcoation register (HLR)
visiter location register (VLR)
authentication center (AuC)
public switched telephone network (PSTN)
equipment identity register (EIR)
packet switched network (PSN)
GPRS core network (GRPSCN)
general packet radio service (GPRS)
gateway GPRS support node(GGSN)
serving GPRS support node (SGSN)
internet
transcoder rate adaption unit (TRAU)
4G
mobile station (MS)
eNode-B
mobility serving entity (MME)
servicing gateway (S-GW)
packet data network gateway (PDN-GW)
Internet
pulicy and charging rules function (PCRF)
IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)
1 more item...
5G
mobile station (MS)
gNode-B
AMF
TODO
codec
types
full rate (FR)
half rate (HR)
enhanced full rate (EFR)
adaptive multirate (AMR)
adaptiv multirate wide band (AMRWB)
PCM
functions
roaming
roaming probleme (TODO)
egal wo man sich befindet es muss eine Verbindung zum eigentlichen Provider HLR bestehen
HLR muss auf neues VLR verweisen
handover
intra BTS
TODO
intra BSC
TODO
hard-handover
TODO
intra MSC
TODO
inter MSC
anchor-MSC
TODO
paging
location update
channels
physical channels
carrier signal used
multiplexing
time division multiplexing (TDM)
frequency division multiplexing (FDM)
OFDM
orthagonale sprachen
TODO
logical channels
Richtfunk
fresnell keule
TODO
gut in krisensituationen (blackout)
signal propagation
diversity
space diversity
time diversity
frequency diversity
influential factors
formula: empfangsleistung = (fläche
antennengewinn
sendeleistung) / 4
pi
distance^2
modulation
analog modulation
type
phasen modulation (PM)
analog modulation (AM)
frequency modulation (FM)
digital modulation
type
pulse code modulation (PCM)
phase shift keying (PSK)
amplitude shift keying (ASK)
quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
frequency shift keying (FSK)
air time
beam forming
antenna
type
ground plane
yagi antenna
parabolic antenna
case grain antenna
rod antenna
antenna gain
directivity
polar pattern
transmission power
signal polarization
circular polarization
linear polarization
polar multiplexing
MIMO
cell density
frequency
signal to noise ratio
channels
non overlapping
channel bonding
issues
ground wave specific
weather
rain
snow
humidity
fog
solar flare
ionisation
heat
interference
elecricity
other signals
earth curvature (TODO?)
physical
line of sight
mehrwegausbreitung (situation dependend)
sky wave specific
ionization
ground wave issues also apply but less severe
wave types
sky waves
troposcatter
duct
ground waves
history
people
Guglielmo Marconi
business man
Maxwell
theoretical scientist
Heinrich Hertz
experimental scientist
Alessandro Volta
timeline
Maxwell equations prove
Maxwell predict the existence of electromagnetic waves
Hertz invents the spark inductor
experiment in university
Hertz invents the hertz dipole
Marconi invents kohärer/fritter
Volta invented voltaic pile
Marconi invents ground plane antenna
Marconi found out that signals are waves
experiment with hunter
Hertz found out that that signals are polarized
prerequisites
create electricity
store electricity
visualize electricity
conduct electricity