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Charles I & The Road to Civil War - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Army Plot - involved court and discontented army officers who would take control of the Tower and release Strafford - overpowered. Plot revealed by Pym to put pressure on the King.
      - Party in the Commons which was bent on the death of Strafford became dominant, therefore Bill of Attainder passed
      - London mob surrounded Whitehall and Charels feared for the safety of his wife and children. Strafford absolved (declare (someone) free from guilt, obligation, or punishment) Charles from promise and the King therefore signed the Bill of Attainder
      - Voting as a majority (204 to 59). Strafford faced one of the largest and most hostile crowds ever seen in London before he was executed. Also Charles agreed to him not being able to dissolve Parliament without its express permission.
- - - - The overextension of the cavalry in the Battle of Edgehill of 1642 both barred Charles from capturing the much-needed London, which could have potentially changed the tide of the war, and exemplified the weakness of Rupert’s cavalry leadership which was also evident in the Battle of Naseby of 1645 where a similar cavalry charge tactic led to Royalist defeat, leaving Charles’ army without sufficient cavalry support.
      - in the Battle of Marston Moor of 1644, Rupert, after arguing vehemently with Newcastle about tactics causing them to temporarily part ways, was subsequently attacked by Parliamentarians (Fairfax and Cromwell decided to take advantage of the situation when they saw smoke from royalist cooking fires), catching him and his forces completely off guard, leaving 4500 Royalists dead and 1500 captured.
  - - - in 1645, the already well-structured and well-organised Parliamentarian army, which was previously comprised of three separate armies under Essex, Manchester and Waller, was united into the cohesive New Model Army.
      - The New Model Army, formed of more than 20,000 men in ten cavalry and twelve infantry regiments as well as a dragoon regiment, contained pressed men and officers promoted for social standing rather than military ability, increasing loyalty and morale in the Parliamentarian ranks.
      - the New Model Army was well paid, resulting in the men being well-disciplined and adhering to the strict discouragement of looting and pillaging
      - The NMA gained a ruthless fighting reputation and praise for its calculated tactical decisions particularly in the pivotal Battle of Naseby in 1645.
    - - With the Parliamentarian acquisition of London, the vast Royal Navy became a vital part of Parliament’s war effort. Ironically, prior to the war, the navy had been given limited attention by Parliament, with them declining to grant it adequate funding.
      - the Royal Navy was declared for parliament with the exception of only five ships that were transferred to the Royalists, with the navy captains even refusing to accept Charles’s nominee Sir John Pennington as admiral, preferring the experienced and Parliamentarian Earl of Warwick
      - Parliament could supply ports being besieged by sea, meaning that sieges could be prolonged and endured as well as making it possible to tie down and weaken Royalist troops through naval blockades.
      - Hull was incredibly well-fortified and thus presented a considerable obstacle to any attacking force as well as providing Parliament with trading links to Europe. Additionally, being the site of an extensive arsenal of weapons stored after the recent wars against Scotland, it provided Parliament with vital weaponry in the war effort.