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Globalisation and development - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation and development
Trade and Aid
Trade
Free trade
Aid
bilateral Aid
Aid that is Given directly from one coutry to anuther.
humaniterain Aid
This from of Aid is oftern performed by NGO's however goverment can help to give out Aid by themselfs if needed.
muliteral Aid
Aid given from a number of countires or an International orginsation to a developing country.
International Orginisations
TNC's
TNC stands for Trans national corparations
companies like Mc Donalds and Nike.
They are bussiness that have basies in multiple diffrent countries.
TNC's most of the time seek to reduce costs and maximse profits as much a possible so they will do a number of quite unethical things to reach this goal.
They most to countires with poorer labour laws so they can exploite the labour pool od that country.
Move to countires who don't have many anti polution laws so they can dump there waste cheeply.
Movet to countires who have very fue trade barriers so they sell there productes more cheeply.
NGOs
Non-Goverment Orginisations
Mostly charities that offer some sort of Aid.
Things like the Red Cross or the Rad Cresent in addtion to the slavation army.
Thoeries
Modernisation theory
There are Five stages to development.
The preconditions for take off
At this stage western valuse, ideas and some Techologys begin to be intruduced.
The 'take-off' stage
This involves society exprencing rapid economic growth as new modern practices become the norm.
The traditional stage
Dominated by subsistance farming and traditional vaules.
Drive to maturity stage.
This is when the society is still exprancing a large amount of econimic growth and new infrastucture beings to be built in addtion to the introduction of new technologys
The age of high mass consumption
This were society begins to get the point were it's people become consumers and but products they were never able to have before
Heavely supported by functionalists and Neo-Liberal thinkers.
Depandancy theory
The idea that western countires exploite poorer developing countires In order to keep them poor and western nations rich and on top.
Points to the legicey of Colonialsim and how that still manifests it'self in the form of Neo-Colonalsim.
World Systems Theory
Industrialsation and Urbanisation
Industrialsation
Functionalist would suggest that all Countries need to industrise in order to develop. They would also say that the prosses of Industialstion is Good for a country as it helps to being Emplyment and properity.
All theories on development support the prosses of Industrialsation however diffrant theories question how it is to be done and who is helpping to industralise a sertan country.
Urbanisation
For functionalist Urbanisation is a key part of Developement as Cities are a place were new and modern ideas come about. they are places of culture and cosmipolanism.
Many modern developing countires have issues when it comes to the proses of Urbanisation. This is due to cities exprance more growth then they can keep up with. This lead to the creation of shanty towns and slums with very little infrustsure to provite clear walter and transport.
War and conflict
There is a debate about weather poverty is the cause conflict or weather Conflict is the cause of poverty.
Modernisation theroists would point to conflict being the thing that holds countires back from development and therefore they remain poor.
To dependancy theorists poverty is the main casue of conflict in these countires as many war particulery those fought in ex-colonal countires are over land and resources. in some cases even Aid.
War can set a country back from developing due to a number of reasons.
The distruction of Vital infarstrusture like Hospitals, Railway lines, and roads.
Money spent on Arms and other millitary uses
The killing of a large work force
Envomental damage.
Kingsbury points out a number of issues that has been casued to the envoment due to development and urbansation.