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Ethnicity External Factors - Coggle Diagram
Ethnicity External Factors
Racism in wider society
Mason
- argues that ‘Discrimination is a continuing & persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin’.
Ev - Out of date view as in modern society been a significant shift
Rex
- Racism leads to social exclusion and accordingly poverty. This is shown in housing, employment & education. Racism also leads to discrimination both inside & outside the classroom
Ev - Excludes other factors like gender and class that impact these
Noon
- Sent identical letters to 100 top UK companies but alternated between the names ‘Evans’ & ‘Patel’ the replies to the ‘White’ candidate were more helpful and informative
Ev - Only small study so cant be generalised
cultural deprivation
Language
Bowker
- ' The Education of coloured Immigrants' A lack of standard English created huge barriers to UK education - lack adequate linguistic development through socialisation
EV -
Bollard + Driver
Language problems aren't a problem past 16
Swan Report
Language difference has little impact
Family Structures + support
Many sociologists argue that dysfunctional family types are to blame for underachievement
Murray
- African Caribbean Lone Parenthood to blame. Lack of male role models means that mothers struggle to socialise children adequately
Bollard + Driver
- Argue that Asian Families have much more 'pro school' attitude than Black families. Asian Families are rarely lone parent families and offer larger support network for children
Ev-
Keddie
says that to blame culture is to blame the victims of educational faliure
Attitudes and Values
Arnot
- The media have created a negative anti - school role model for black pupils - ' the ultra - tough ghetto superstar' reinforced through rap lyrics + MTV videos
e.g
EV - Driver ethnicity can be advantage as African Caribbean girls do well in school
Material Deprovation
Flaherty
-Pakistanis & Bangladeshis are 3X more likely than Whites to be in the poorest 1/5 of the population.
-15% of minority groups live in overcrowded homes (2% for Whites).
Swann Report
- Social Class differences account for a high proportion of differences in achievement between ethnic groups
Ev -This argument paradoxical. We cannot tell if these groups underachieve within education because they are w/c, or if they end up w/c because other factors lead them to fail within education
Trends in ethnicity and achievement
DFES
White & Asian pupils on average achieve higher than Black pupils
Amongst Asians, Indians do better than Pakistanis & Bangladeshis
Ev - Ignores other factors like gender affecting results
Hastings
- White pupils make less progress between the ages of 11-16 years-old compared to Black or Asian pupils. Means White pupils will become the lowest performing ethnic group in the UK.
Ev - Out of date as not most modern statistic so understandings will have changed
Within every ethnic group, M/C pupils do better than W/C pupils.
Among all groups other than Gypsy/Roma children, girls out perform boys.