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Humanistic Approach - Coggle Diagram
Humanistic Approach
Evaluation
Real Life Application - humanistic therapies aim to establish congruence between real and ideal self. Rogers argued personal growth required an individual's concept of self to be congruent with ideal. If gap is too big, state of incongruence so self-actualisation can't be reached.
Economic Developments - Maslow's hierarchy relevant on a large scale. Hagerty 1999 - relationship between economic growth and measures of Maslow's levels in 88 countries over 34 years. As predicted, only in advanced stages of economic development did self-actualisation become important.
Research support for conditions of worth - Harter 1996 - teenagers who feel they have to fulfil certain conditions to gain parents' approval did not like themselves. Consistent with Roger's prediction of adolescents creating a false self.
Correlation not causation - most evidence fails to establish causal relationship. Rogers argued the requirements of experimental methods make it impossible to verify results of counselling. Most psychologists argue without experimental evidence, evaluation of therapy or theories is very difficult. Some studies show personal growth as a result of humanist counselling, but do not show therapy caused changes.
Unrealistic - critics argue people are not inherently good as humanists suggest, the approach does not recognise fully people's capacity for destructive behaviour and pessimism. Assumption that problems arrive from blocked self-actualisation is oversimplistic so is not realistic to society.
Cultural differences - Nevis 1983 - study in China, belongingness needs were seen as more fundamental than basic needs, self-actualisation was more about contribution to community, West focus more on themselves.
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Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow did not want to find what went wrong with people but instead what could go right with them. His hierarchy of needs emphasised the importance of personal growth and fulfilment, opening the door for later psychology movements such as happiness and positive psychology.
Hierarchy components
Basic (physiological) needs - at the bottom - food, water etc.
Safety needs - security, safety.
Belongingness - intimate relationships, friendships.
Esteem needs - feelings of accomplishment, prestige.
Self actualisation - most advanced need, realising your full potential, those who reach this level share characteristics of creativeness, accepting others, more accurate perception of the world.
Maslow believed the more basic a need, the more powerfully it was experienced and the more difficult to ignore. Some people in war zones are unable to have safety because they don't have basic needs such as food, water and shelter. People with low self-esteem may find it hard to form relationships.
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