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Language Change Theorists - Coggle Diagram
Language Change Theorists
Algeo
Classification of Word Formations
Loans.
Shifts.
Shortenings.
Composites.
Blends.
Pinker
Prescriptivism and descriptivism are false dichotomies.
"Most people who have given serious thought to language are neither kind of -ist."
Aitchison
Metaphors for Language Change Worries
Damp Spoon
Language changes because people are lazy.
Crumbling Castle
Language must be preserved.
Infectious Disease
People spread and pick up poor language.
PIDC Model
Potential
Opportunity for change.
Implementation
Change occurs.
Diffusion
Change spreads.
Codification
Change is made official.
Trudgill
"The misues of a word/grammar doesn't affect the user's meaning."
Romaine
Categories of the History of Language
Internal
What happens to language without external factors.
The formation of new words and the influence of dictionaries.
External
The changing social contexts, language is an ongoing process.
War, famine etc.
Halliday
Functional Theory
Language is altered to fit the means of the user.
Crystal
"Language does just that: it changes. Not for the better or worse."
Donald Mackinnon
Categories of Language Change Attitudes
Incorrect or correct.
Pleasant or ugly.
Socially acceptable or socially unacceptable.
Morally acceptable or morally unacceptable.
Appropriate in context or inappropriate in context.
Useful or useless.
Bailey
Wave Model
The closer you are to the drop of water, the stronger the ripple.
Those closest to the change are the most likely to pick it up.
Chen
S-Curve Model
1 - Uptake.
2 - Limited regionally.
3 - More people know it.
4 - Reached as many people as possible.
Crystal
Tide Metaphor
Language change is like the tide.
New things get washed up and the tide takes other things away.
Some changes stay permenantly, others only momentarily.
All change is different.
Types of Lexical Change
Blending.
Back formation.
Clipping.
Compounding.
Reduplication.
Neologising.
Conversion.
Derivation.
Borrowing
Acronymising.
Initalising.
Epnoymising.
Cameron
"I'm always wary of approaches to sexism which treat changing language as a panacea. Language is rarely the root cause of the problem: it's the outward and visible symptom of a deeper cultural disease."